Evaluation of lipid profile pattern and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) having type-2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh

Authors

  • Mahfuza Anjum Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
  • Md. Salah Uddin Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh
  • Naima Ahmed Tamanna Department of Statistics, Jagannath University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • Md. Abdullah Al-Zobair Department of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheik Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  • A. T. M. Mijanur Rahman Department of Applied Nutrition and Food Technology, Islamic University, Kushtia, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20180595

Keywords:

Atherogenic index of plasma, Bangladesh, Dyslipidemia, Type 2 diabetes

Abstract

Background: Dyslipidemia has been noted to play an integral role in the pathogenesis and progression of micro and macrovascular complications in Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patients. The study was aimed to evaluate the prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients as it has not been reported previously in Bangladesh

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Armed Forces Institute of pathology, Bangladesh from November 2016 to October 2017. A total number of 300 patients having diabetes in the age group of 30-60 years have been selected using a non-probability method. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), serum total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride (TG) levels were estimated by laboratory tests.

Results: The prevalence of dyslipidemia in at least one lipid parameter was found in 282 patients (94%), while 18 patients (6%) had no dyslipidemia. High levels of TC, TG and LDL-C were found in 134 (47.3%), 230 (76.7%) and 124 (41.3%) patients, respectively. On the other hand, low levels of HDL-C were found in 180 patients (60%). An increased risk of AIP was found in 298 patients (99.3%), whereas only 2 patients (0.7%) were in low risk. FPG was positively correlated with TC, TG, LDL-C and AIP, while negatively correlated with HDL-C. A significant positive correlation was also observed between FPG and AIP.

Conclusions: The Study revealed that dyslipidemia is very common in type 2 diabetic patients and the most common abnormality observed was increased serum triglyceride levels followed by decreased serum HDL-C levels. The AIP is also significantly higher in type 2 diabetic patients.

References

World Health Organization. The global burden of disease. Geneva; 2008.

World Health Organization. Global Report on Diabetes. Geneva. Accessed 30 August 2016.

Public Health Agency of Canada. Diabetes in Canada: Facts and figures from a public health perspective, Ottawa; 2011.

Williams textbook of endocrinology 12th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders, 2013:1371-435.

Australian Indigenous Health Info Net. Chronic conditions: Diabetes. Accessed 31 August 2016.

Gruddy SM. Hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 1999;83(9B):25F-29F.

Taskinen MR. Diabetic dyslipidemia. Atheroscler Suppl. 2002;3(1):47-51.

Mahato RV, Gyawali P, Raut PP, Regmi P, Singh KP, Pandeya DR, et al. Association between glycaemic control and serum lipid profile in type 2 diabetic patients: glycated haemoglobin as a dual biomarker. Biomed Res. 2011;22(3):375-80.

Nwagha UI, Ikekpeazu EJ, Ejezie FE, Neboh EE, Maduka IC. Atherogenic index of plasma as useful predictor of cardiovascular risk among postmenopausal women in Enugu, Nigeria. Afr Health Sci. 2010;10(3):248-52.

Dobiasova M, Frohlich J. The plasma parameter log (TG/HDL-C) as an atherogenic index: correlation with lipoprotein particle size and esterification rate in apoB- lipoprotein-depleted plasma (FER(HDL)). Clin Biochem. 2001;34:583-88.

Tan MH, Johns D, Glazer NB. Pioglitazone reduces atherogenic index of plasma in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clin Chem. 2004;50:1184-88.

Nwagha UI, Igweh JC. Atherogenic Index of Plasma: A significant indicator for the onset of Atherosclerosis during menopause in hypertensive females of South East Nigeria. J College Med. 2005;10(2):67-71.

Njajou OT, Kanaya AM, Holvoet P, Connelly S, Strotmeyer ES, Harris TB, et al. Association between oxidized LDL-C, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 2009;25(8):733-9.

Daniels LB, Laughlin G, Sarno MJ, Bettencourt R, Wolfert RL, Barrett-Connor E. Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 is an independent predictor of incident Coronary Heart Disease in an apparently healthy older population. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2008;51:913-9.

Tariq M, Ali R. Comparative study for Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) in patient with type1 Diabetes Mellitus, type2 Diabetes Mellitus, Beta-thalassemia and Hypothyroidism. Int J Chem Res. 2012;2:1-9.

Dobiasova M. Atherogenic index of plasma [log triglyceride/HDL-Cholesterol]: theoretical and practical implications. J Clin Chem. 2004;50:1113-5.

Dobiášová M, Frohlich J, Šedová M, Cheung MC, Brown BG. Cholesterol esterification and atherogenic index of plasma correlate with lipoprotein size and findings on coronary angiography. J Lipid Res. 2011;52(3):566-71.

Dobiasova M. AIP-atherogenic index of plasma as a significant predictor of cardiovascular risk from research to practice. Vnitr lék. 2006;52(1):64-71.

Oldroyd J, Banerjee M, Heald A, Cruickshank K. Diabetes and ethnic minorities. Postgrad Med J. 2005;81(958):486-90.

International Diabetes Federation (IDF). Country estimates table 2011, IDF diabetes atlas, 6th ed. Available at http://www.idf.org/sites/default/files/ EN_6E_Atlas_Full_0.pdf. Accessed 7 June 2013.

Ahmed N, Khan J, Siddiqui TS. Frequency of Dyslipidemia in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in patients of Hazara division. J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2008;20(2):51-4.

Abbate SL, Brunzell JD. Pathophysiology of hyperlipidaemia in diabetes mellitus. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1990;16(9):1-7.

Gomina M, Ele RNM, Imorou RS, Alassani A, Djidonou G, Sina H, et al. Prevalence and factors associated with dyslipidemia among menopausal women in the city of Parakou (Benin). IRJBB. 2017;7(1):012-8.

Doupa D, Seck SM, Dia CA, Diallo FA, Kane MO, Kane A, et al. Dyslipidemia, obesity and other cardiovascular risk factors in the adult population in Senegal. PAMJ. 2014;19:1-7.

Osuji CU, Nzerem BA, Meludu S, Dioka CE, Nwobodo E, Amilo G. The prevalence of overweight/obesity and dyslipidaemia amongst a group of women attending "August" meeting. Niger Med J. 2010;51(4):155-9.

Sharma U, Kishore J, Garg A, Anand T, Chakraborty M, Lali P. Dyslipidemia and associated risk factors in a resettlement Colony of Delhi. J Clin Lipidol. 2013;3:653-60.

Odenigbo CU, Oguejiofor OC, Odenigbo UM, Ibeh CC, Ajaero CN, Odike MA. Prevalence of dyslipidaemia in apparently healthy professionals in Asaba, South South Nigeria. Nig J Clin Pract. 2008;11:330-5.

Gupta R, Guptha S, Agrawal A, Kaul V, Gaur K, Gupta VP. Secular trends in cholesterol lipoproteins and triglycerides and prevalence of dyslipidemia in an Urban Indian population. Lipids Health Dis. 2008;7:7-40.

Krauss RM, Lindgren FT, Wingerd J, Bradley DD, Ramcharan S. Effects of estrogens and progestin’s on high density lipoproteins. J Lipids. 1979;14(1):113-8.

Ugwuja EI, Ogbonna NC, Nwibo AN, Onimawo IA. Overweight and Obesity, Lipid Profile and Atherogenic Indices among Civil Servants in Abakaliki, South Eastern Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2013;3(1):13-8.

Fatma AA, Najah A. Clinical Epidemiology of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Kuwait. Med J Kuwait. 2005;37(2):98-104.

Niroumand S, Khajedaluee M, Khadem-Rezaiyan M, Abrishami M, Juya M, Khodaee G, et al. Atherogenic index of plasma (AIP): a marker of cardiovascular disease. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2015;29:240.

Susanti E, Donosepoetro M, Patellong I, Arif M. Differences between several atherogenic parameters in patients with controlled and uncontrolled type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Med J Indones. 2010;19(2):103-8.

Kavitha G, Ramani G, Dhass PK, Aruna RM. Oxidative stress, interleukin (il-6) and atherogenic index of plasma in diabetic nephropathy. IJABPT. 2011;2(2):211-7.

Onat A, Can G, Kaya H, Hergenç G. “Atherogenic index of plasma” (log10 triglyceride/high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol) predicts high blood pressure, diabetes, and vascular events. J Clin Lipidol. 2010;4:89-98.

Zhan Y, Xu T, Tan X. Two parameters reflect lipid-driven inflammatory state in acute coronary syndrome: atherogenic index of plasma, neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 2016;16:96.

Downloads

Published

2018-02-22

How to Cite

Anjum, M., Uddin, M. S., Tamanna, N. A., Al-Zobair, M. A., & Mijanur Rahman, A. T. M. (2018). Evaluation of lipid profile pattern and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) having type-2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 6(3), 776–783. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20180595

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles