Pattern of solid tumors of infancy and childhood among sample of patients attending tertiary teaching hospitals in Baghdad

Authors

  • Nihad Salih Rahmatullah Imamein Kadhimein Medical City, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
  • Hanan Hussein Muhammad Alkarama Teaching Hospital, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
  • Nazar Abdulhassan Alwakeel Medical City Teaching Laboratories, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20180596

Keywords:

Baghdad, Childhood, Infancy, Solid tumor

Abstract

Background: Solid tumors are most common cause of death in the first fifteen years. In developed countries cancer is the leading cause of death from disease in children more than six month of age. The aim of this study was to assess: the relative frequency of the childhood tumor, the distribution of solid tumors of childhood in relation to age, sex of the patient, and histological types of the tumors over period (1992 -2015).

Methods: Two thousand four hundreds and three cases of solid tumors of infancy and childhood has been studiedfor period from (1992-2015), 170 was a prospective cases where 2233 cases a retrospective. The study was carried out through histopathological examination of biopsies of patients attending major medical centres in Baghdad, Iraq.

Results: Malignant neoplasms in descending order of frequency were, lymphoma (29.5%), central nervous system tumors (24.5%), soft tissue tumors (9.4%), Neuroblastoma (9.1%), wilms’ tumors, (7.4%), Bone tumors, (7.3%), Retinoblastoma (5.1%), Germ cell tumors, (3.5%), Liver tumors (0.2%), others (4.6). Males were more frequently affected with central nervous tumors (59.6%), Malignant lymphoma (69.5%), neuroblastoma (62%), Soft tissue tumors (60.3%), nephroblastoma (51.5%), retinoblastma (58.8%), liver tumor 81 and other miscellaneous tumors (59.6%) while females were more frequently effected with germ cell tumors 70.5% and bone tumors (53.9%). Central nervous system tumors reach a peak between (5-9) years whereas neuroblastoma, nephroblastoma, retinoblastoma germ cell tumors, liver tumors reach a peak between (0-4) years and malignant lymphoma, bone tumors and other – Miscellaneous – tumors reach a peak between (10-15 )years. Non Hodgkins lymphoma were the predominating lymphoma (62%), astrocytoma formed the majority of central nervous system tumors (44.6%) While rhabdomyosarcoma was the commonest histologic subtype of soft tissue tumors (76%) Ewing’s sarcoma was the commonest type of bone tumors (56%).

Conclusions: A steady increase in the incidence rate of childhood tumors is noticed with a change in pattern from malignant lymphoma to CNS. tumors in the study period. A diagnostically important relationship exists between a particular type of pediatric tumors with age, sex and site.

References

Oborone MP. Breast development and anatomy. In Harris JR, Hellman, eds. breast disease. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: lippincort. 1991;1-13.

Ziegler J. An unlikely link? Researchers probe viral role in breast cancer. J Natl Cancer Instl. 1997;89:608.

Kumar V, Fausto N, Abbas A. Pathologic Basis of Disease, Elsevier; 7th edition. 2004.

Bhatnagar SN. "An audit of malignant solid tumors in infants and neonates." J Neonat Surg. 2012;1(1).

Al‐Fouadi A, Parkin D. Cancer in Iraq: seven years' data from the Baghdad Tumour Registry. International journal of cancer. 1984;34(2):207-13.

Stavosfeld AG. Lymph node biopsy interpretation Edinburgh. Churchill Livingstone. 2010;19:199-228.

National cancer Institute Sponsored study of classification of Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Summary and description of a working formulation for clinical usage. Cancer. 2012:49:2112-35.

Al- Irhayim B. Saleem SH. Cancer: the first two decades of life excluding leukaemia Apathological study of 300 cases in Mousl Sudi Medic J. 1990;11(3):232-7.

Ibrahim NK and Alash N. Soild tumor of infancy and childhood. A thesis submitted of partial fulfillment for Master degree. November 1998.

Wilms tumor-childhood stages. Available from: www.cancer.org. Retrieved 2015-11-15

Goffin JR. Impact of germline BRCA: Mutations an overexpression of P53 on prognosis and response to treatment following breast cancer 10x follow up ductal cancer. 2003;97:527-36.

Castleberry RP. Neuroblastoma. Euro J Cancer. 1997;33(9):14300-7.

Harris J, Lippman ME. Breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 1992;237:319.

Al-Hadad SA, Al-Jadiry MF, Al-Darraji AF, Al-Saeed RM, Al-Badr SF, Ghali HH. Reality of pediatric cancer in Iraq. Journal of pediatric hematology/oncology. 2011;33:S154-S6.

Vander Griend RA. Osteosarcoma and its variant. Orhop Clin North Am. 1996:575-81.

Liu W, Tang Y. "Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in children and adolescents-a single institution experience of 158 patients." Radiat Oncol. 2014;9(1):274.

Rootman J. Diseases of the orbit: a multidisciplinary approach, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2003.

Downloads

Published

2018-02-22

How to Cite

Salih Rahmatullah, N., Hussein Muhammad, H., & Abdulhassan Alwakeel, N. (2018). Pattern of solid tumors of infancy and childhood among sample of patients attending tertiary teaching hospitals in Baghdad. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 6(3), 784–789. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20180596

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles