Gender based variation of lipid abnormalities in type-2 diabetes mellitus patients
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20213934Keywords:
Type 2 DM, Dyslipidemia, LDL, FBS, TG, LDL-C, HDL-C, Non-HDLAbstract
Background: Dyslipidemia has a varying pattern among the male and female patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM).
Methods: This study was conducted in the out-patient department (OPD) of department of medicine at GMERS, Patan, Gujarat from July 2020 to December 2020 for a period of six months. Fasting blood sugar, hemoglobin A1c (FBS, HbA1c) lipid profile triacylglycerol-triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG, TC, LDL-C, and HDLC) were measured. Statistical analyses were performed with the SPSS software program.
Results: A total number of 200 type 2 DM patients (100 males and 100 females) attending to GMERS OPD were recruited in this study. Blood sugar was higher than normal in both male and female (FBS=142.44±36.21, 146.40±41.49 respectively). TG level was also higher in two groups of study subjects with female level slightly more than male (164.99±67.1and 138.21±70 respectively) with no significant difference between the groups (p>0.05).Total cholesterol and LDL-C level was within normal physiological level in both groups, where-as these levels were higher in female in comparison to male (TC=198.07±40.82 and 169.5±36.13 respectively, LDLC=118±34 and 99±27, respectively), showing significant difference between the groups (p=0.014). HDL-C was not below normal in both male (41±5.4) and female (43.99±4.31); however, HDL-C was slightly higher in female than male and the difference was significant (p=0.0129).
Conclusions: Dyslipidemia was noticed in a greater proportion of female diabetic patients than male diabetic patients.
References
Chahil TJ, Ginsberg HN. Diabetic dyslipidemia. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2006;35:491-510.
Ahmad J, Hameed B, Das G, Siddiqui MA, Ahmad I. Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and carotid intima- media thickness in north Indian type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2005;69:142-50.
Nesto RW. Beyond low-density lipoprotein: addressing the atherogenic lipid triad in type 2 diabetes mellitus and the metabolic syndrome. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2005;5:379-87.
Mooradian AD. Low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in obese subjects with normal serum triglycerides: the role of insulin resistance and inflammatory cytokines. Diabetes Obes Metab. 2007;9:441-3.
Ahmad J, Hameed B, Das G, Siddiqui MA. Postprandial hypertriglyceridemia and carotid intima-media thickness in north Indian type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2005;69:142-50.
Friedwald WT, Levy RI, Frederickson DS. Estimation of LDL cholesterol in plasma without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972;18:499-502.
American Diabetes Association: Consensus statement on detection and management of lipid disorder in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 1996;19(1):S96-102.
Expert Panel On Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults; Summary of the third report of NCEP (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285:2486-97.
Taskinen MR. Diabetic dyslipidaemia: From basic research to clinical practice. Diabetologia. 2003;46:733-49.
Firdous S, Zafarullah M. Comparison of patterns of lipid profile in type-2 diabetics and non-diabetics. Ann King Edward Med Coll. 2007;13(1):84-7.
Hannan F, Abdullatif H, Nahida H. The metabolic syndrome in west bank population, an urban-rural comparison. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:275-9.
Mooradian AD. The effect of select nutrients on serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and apolipoprotein. A-I levels. Endocr Rev. 2006;27:2-16.
Khalil AM, Rehman S. Prevalence of diabetic dyslipidemia in 120 patients of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Med Sci. 2005;13(2):128-31.
Sadeghi M, Raza H. Serum lipid distribution and prevalence of Dyslipidemia in urban and rural communities in Iran - IHHP study. Pak J Cardiol. 2004;15(2):88-94.
Naheed T, Khan A. Dyslipidemias in type II Diabetes Mellitus patients in a teaching hospital of Lahore, Pakistan. Pak J Med Sci. 2003;19(4):283-6.
Wei M, Mitchell BD, Haffner SM. Effects of cigarette smoking, diabetes, high cholesterol, and hypertension on all-cause mortality and cardiovascular disease mortality in Mexican Americans: The San Antonio Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1996;144:1058-65.
Cleeman JI, Grundy SM. Implication of recent clinical trials for the NCEP, ATP III guidelines. Circulation. 2004;110:227-39.
Fontbonne A, Eschwege E, Cambien F, Richard JL, Ducimetiere P, Thibult N et al. Hypertriglyceridaemia as a risk factor of coronary heart disease mortality in subjects with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes. Results from the 11-year follow-up of the Paris Prospective Study. Diabetologia. 1989;32(5):300-4.
Taskinen MR, Smith U. Lipid disorders in NIDDM: implications for treatment. J Intern Med. 1998;244(5):361-70.
Jeppesen J, Hein HO, Suadicani P, Gyntelberg F. Triglyceride concentration and ischemic heart disease: an eight-year follow-up in the Copenhagen Male Study. Circulation. 1998;97(11):1029-36.
Bays H. Atherogenic dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome: current and future treatment options. Br J Diabetes Vasc Dis. 2003;3(5):356-60.
Superko RH. Lipoprotein subclasses and atherosclerosis. Front Biosci. 2001;6:D355-65.
Austin MA, Edwards KL. Small, dense low-density lipoproteins, the insulin resistance syndrome and noninsulin-dependent diabetes. Curr Opin Lipidol. 1996;7(3):167-71.
Rubenfire M, Coletti AT, Mosca L. Treatment strategies for management of serum lipids: lessons learned from lipid metabolism, recent clinical trials, and experience with the HMG CoA reductase inhibitors. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 1998;41(2):95-116.
Cui Y, Blumenthal RS, Flaws JA, Whiteman MK, Langenberg P, Bachorik PS, Bush TL. Non-highdensity mlipoprotein cholesterol level as a predictor of cardiovascular disease mortality. Arch Intern Med. 2001;161(11):1413-9.
Tatami R, Mabuchi H, Ueda K, Ueda R, Haba T, Kametani T et al. Intermediate-density lipoprotein and cholesterol-rich very low-density lipoprotein in angiographically determined coronary artery disease. Circulation. 1981;64(6):1174-84.
