Study of salivary electrolyte in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of North Gujarat region of India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20220287Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus, Salivary pH, Salivary flow rate, Salivary electrolyteAbstract
Background: A lack of literature on the probable relationship between diabetes and salivary electrolyte. Therefore, present study aims to study of salivary electrolyte in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients of North Gujarat region of India.
Methods: The present cross sectional study was done on 60 subjects of diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and 60 subjects’ non-diabetic healthy controls at Banas medical college and our hospital. The subject’s demographic and anthropometric parameters were recorded; detailed history and clinical examination were performed in the entire cases. The saliva was collected in the fasting state during resting state. Salivary pH, flow rate, biochemical variables and electrolytes were analyzed. Data which was collected was statistically analyzed.
Results: Predominance of the T2DM subjects was in the age group of 41-45 years. Mean value for age (p<0.05), body mass index (p<0.01), waist- hip ratio (p<0.05), salivary Potassium (p<0.001), glucose (p<0.001), Chloride (p<0.01), bicarbonates (p<0.01) and sodium levels (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the T2DM subjects where as salivary pH (p<0.01), flow rate (p<0.01) and calcium level (p<0.001) were significantly lower in the T2DM subjects.
Conclusions: In our study, we conclude that significant variations were reported in salivary pH, flow rate and electrolyte variables between diabetics and non diabetics. Therefore, we suggested that estimation of salivary variables might be a cost effective and a non invasive choice for screening, diagnosis and monitoring of diabetes instead of blood.
References
Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes-2019. Diabetes Care. 2019;42(Suppl. 1):S13-28.
International Health Federation. The Diabetes Action Now. Available at: https://www.who.int/diabetes/ actionnow/en/DANbooklet.pdf. Accessed on 20 September 2021.
World Health Report November 2010. Available at: https://www.who.int/whr/2010/10_summary_en.pdf. Accessed on 20 September 2021.
Siraj ES, Reddy SS, Scherbaum WA, Abdulkadir J, Hammel JP, Faiman C. Basal and postglucagon C-peptide levels in Ethiopians with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2002;25:453-7.
Ben-Aryeh H, Serouya R, Kanter Y, Szargel R, Laufer D. Oral health and salivary composition in diabetic patients. J Diab Complicat. 1993;7(1):57-62.
Chavez EM, Taylor GW, Borrell LN, Ship JA. Salivary function and glycemic control in older persons with diabetes. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endodontol. 2000; 89(3):305-11.
Mandel ID. The diagnostic uses of saliva. J Oral Pathol Med. 1990;19(3):119-25.
Newrick P, Bowman C, Green D, O’Brien I, Porter S, Scully C, et al. Parotid salivary secretion in diabetic autonomic neuropathy. J Diab Complicat. 1991;5(1): 35-7.
Choo RE, Huestis MA. Oral fluid as a diagnostic tool. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2004;42(11):1273-87.
Ar H. Salivary glands: development, structure and function. In: Nanci A, eds. Ten Cate’s textbook of Oral Histology. New Delhi: Mosby, Reed Elsevier; 2003:322-23.
López ME, Colloca ME, Páez RG, Schallmach JN, Koss MA, Chervonagura A. Salivary characteristics of diabetic children. Brazilian Dent J. 2003;14(1):26-31.
Sreebny LM. The salivary system: New Delhi; CRC press:1987.
Karjalainen K, Knuuttila M, Käär M. Salivary factors in children and adolescents with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Pediatric dentistry. 1996;18(4):306.
Cherry-Peppers G, Sorkin J, Andres R, Baum BJ, Ship JA. Salivary gland function and glucose metabolic status. J Gerontol. 1992;47(4):M130-4.
Ben-Aryeh H, Serouya R, Kanter Y, Szargel R, Laufer D. Oral health and salivary composition in diabetic patients. J Diab Complicat. 1993;7(1):57-62.
Harrison R, Bowen WH. Flow rate and organic constituents of whole saliva in insulin-dependent diabetic children and adolescents. Pediatr Dent. 1987;9(4):287-91.
