Evaluation of rapid immunochromatographic card test in comparison with IgM ELISA in diagnosis of dengue fever at a tertiary care hospital, South India

Authors

  • Samina Kausar Tabassum Department of Microbiology, Premier Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
  • Syed Imran Ahmed Department of General Medicine, Premier Hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20222374

Keywords:

Dengue fever, ICT, IgM-ELISA, Seroprevalence

Abstract

 

Background: Dengue has emerged as a major public health concern throughout India because of the mortality and morbidity associated with it. It is the most common mosquito-borne viral disease of humans. Hence early and rapid laboratory diagnosis of dengue is crucial. This study aims to determine demographic, clinical and laboratory investigations of all the suspected cases of dengue fever and comparison of two commercial tests routinely useful in diagnosis of dengue fever. This study was conducted to determine seropositivity of dengue samples in patients suspected of dengue illness and to compare immunochromatographic card test (ICT) test and IgM ELISA test.

Methods: A total of 702 serum samples from patients with suspected dengue infection were included and the study was undertaken at department of microbiology at a tertiary care hospital, Hyderabad from July to December 2021. All samples were subjected to rapid ICT and confirmed by dengue IgM-capture ELISA.

Results: Out of 702 cases suspected of dengue, 85 (12%) samples were positive by IgM ELISA method. The most affected age group was 21-40 years with 55 cases (64.3%) were positive, followed by the age group 0f 0-20 years with 25% of the cases. Males were affected more than females with a percentage of 54% and 46% respectively. The highest number of suspected dengue patients admitted was in the month of September, i.e., 140 with 16 positive (14.81%) followed by August 122 samples (12.16%) and October 110 samples with 14 (11.03%) positive. The sensitivity and specificity of ICT was 95.5% and 100% when compared with IgM-ELISA.

Conclusions: Dengue cases were more during August to November in the monsoon and post monsoon season which is useful to plan special preventive strategies. This study draws attention toward the male, young and adult age group. To conclude, in countries lacking infrastructure for the diagnostic labs especially in the rural and remote areas, the rapid dengue ICT tests can play a major role in diagnosis and in patient management of acute dengue infection. The rapid ICTs are very simple, easy to perform, and can be used as point of care tests. We suggest that the rapid ICT for dengue detection may be used in patients presenting with febrile illness.

References

Wickmann O, Suchat. Risk factors and clinical features associated with severe dengue infection in adults and children during the 2001 epidemic in Chonburi, Thailand. Trop Med Int Health. 2004;9:1022-9.

Singh B. Dengue outbreak in 2006. Ind J Comm. 2007;3299-100.

Yamashiro T, Disla M. Seroprevalence of IgG specific for dengue virus among adults and children in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2004;71(2):138-43.

Hombach J, Cardosa MJ, Sabchareon A, Vaughn DW, Barrett AD. Scientific consultation on immunological correlates of protection induced by dengue vaccines report from a meeting held at the World Health Organization 17-18 November 2005. Vaccine. 2007;25(21):4130-9.

Cox FEG, Wakelin D, Gillespie SH, Despommier DD. In Topley and Wilson Microbiology and Microbial infections, Parasitology, X edition. 2007;46:993-1009.

Shan X. Evaluation of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Nonstructural Protein 1 Ag-Based Tests for Dengue Virus in Asian Population: A Meta-Analysis. BMC Infect Dis Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2015;15.

Reddy M, Kavita S, Ajay M, Shoba S, Khera A. Comparative Analysis of Rapid Dengue Testing and ELISA for NS1 Antigen and IgM in Acute Dengue Infection. Int J Curr Microbiol App Sci. 2016;5(10):931-7.

World Health Organization. Regional Office for South-East Asia. (‎1999)‎. Guidelines for treatment of dengue fever/dengue haemorrhagic fever in small hospitals. WHO Regional Office for South-East Asia. Available at: https://apps.who.int/iris/ handle/10665/205177. Accessed on 3 June 2022.

Sathish N, Vijayakumar TS, Abraham P, Sridharan G. CMC Vellore, Dengue fever: Its laboratory diagnosis, with Special Emphasis on IgM detection. Dengue Bull. 2003;27;116-25.

Kurukumbi M, Wali JP, Shoba B, Aggarwal P, Seth P, Rohini H et al. Seroepidemiology and active surveillance of dengue fever/ dengue haemorrhagic fever in Delhi. Indian J Med Sci. 2001;55:149-56.

Zephyr biomedicals. Dengue check combo, Rapid test system for the detection of dengue NS1 antigen and IgG/IgM antibodies to dengue virus in human plasma serum.

Kalpana S, Varma G. Comparative evaluation of dengue NS1 antigen rapid test and IgM ELISA in a tertiary care hospital in VIMS, Ballari. IP Int J Med Microbiol Trop Dis. 2021;7(2):175-8

Bharaj P, Harendra S Chakar, Anubhav P. Concurrent infections by all four dengue virus serotypes during an outbreak of dengue in 2006 in Delhi, India. Virol J. 2006;5(1);1-7.

Gupta E, Dar L, Kapoor G, Broor S. The changing epidemiology of dengue in Delhi, India. Virol J. 2006;92(3):1-6.

Raja NS, Devi S. The incidence of dengue disease in a university teaching hospital in Malaysia in 2002, 2003, 2004. Infect Dis J Pak. 2006;99-102.

Min-Shen L, Kao PH, Tun CC. Clinical characteristics of dengue and dengue haemorrhagic fever in a medical center of southern Taiwan during the 2002 epidemic. J Microbiol Immunol Infect. 2006;39:121-9.

John VT, Malathi M, Asokan, Padmanabhan P. Laboratory-based dengue fever surveillance in Tamil Nadu, India. Ind J Med Res. 2007;126:112-5.

Gill MK, Kaur A, Kukreja S, Chhabra N. Comparative evaluation of a rapid test with ELISA for the detection of Dengue Infection. Indian J Microbiol Res. 2016;3(4):405-7.

Downloads

Published

2022-09-27

How to Cite

Tabassum, S. K., & Ahmed, S. I. (2022). Evaluation of rapid immunochromatographic card test in comparison with IgM ELISA in diagnosis of dengue fever at a tertiary care hospital, South India. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 10(10), 2150–2155. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20222374

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles