Ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration cytology in deep seated lesions: an effective diagnostic tool

Supriya R. Bajantri; Dhara P. Mehta; Purva C. Shah; Ragini A. Patel

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20223013

Authors

Supriya R. Bajantri Dr. Lal Path Labs, Hubli, Karnataka, India
Dhara P. Mehta Department of Pathology, GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Gotri, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Purva C. Shah Baroda Medical College and SSG Hospital, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
Ragini A. Patel Department of Pathology, GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Valsad, Gujarat, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20223013

Keywords:

Cytological techniques, Image-guided FNAC, FNAC, Diagnosis, Pathology

Abstract

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a diagnostic method used to assess various masses in the body with minimal invasion. FNAC alone has a lower yield as compared to biopsy for diagnosing deep-seated lesions. Radiological guidance improves the yield of FNAC. The aim of the study was to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of Ultrasound (USG) guided FNAC in various deep-seated lesions in the body. We conducted a cross-sectional analytical study at the cytology section of pathology department of our hospital for indoor patients.

Methods: It was a retrospective study done over a period of five years, which included 334 aspirates suspected to be of inflammatory or neoplastic origin obtained from deep-seated lesions. After a thorough clinical and radiological evaluation, USG guided FNACs were performed. Experienced pathologists processed the smears, prepared thereby, for cytological evaluation and diagnosis.

Results: A total of 334 samples were collected using USG-guided FNAC. The most common site was lungs (36.5%) followed by liver (13.77%). The most common type were malignant lesions (57.19%) which were either primary malignancies or metastatic carcinomas. 29 samples were found to be acellular or had inadequate material, thus a diagnosis couldn’t be made. Out of the various lung masses, non-small cell carcinoma was the most common (66.39%). The most common liver mass was metastatic carcinoma (54.35%).

Conclusions: USG guided FNAC is a relatively simple, safe, fast, minimally invasive and cost effective procedure, which provides quite a high rate of adequacy and diagnostic efficacy. It is useful for making a pre-operative diagnosis and guiding the choice of treatment.

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