Study of the clinical profile and treatment outcome of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients coming to respiratory medicine OPD

Thamil Mani S.; Hafis Deshmukh; Sunil Jadhav; Ashish Deshmukh; Shivprasad Kasat; Thritia S.; Arya Roy

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20230584

Authors

Thamil Mani S. Department of Respiratory Medicine, MGM Medical Center and Research Institute, N-6, CIDCO, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
Hafis Deshmukh Department of Respiratory Medicine, MGM Medical Center and Research Institute, N-6, CIDCO, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
Sunil Jadhav Department of Respiratory Medicine, MGM Medical Center and Research Institute, N-6, CIDCO, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
Ashish Deshmukh Department of Respiratory Medicine, MGM Medical Center and Research Institute, N-6, CIDCO, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
Shivprasad Kasat Department of Respiratory Medicine, MGM Medical Center and Research Institute, N-6, CIDCO, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
Thritia S. Department of Respiratory Medicine, MGM Medical Center and Research Institute, N-6, CIDCO, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India
Arya Roy Department of Respiratory Medicine, MGM Medical Center and Research Institute, N-6, CIDCO, Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20230584

Keywords:

Clinical profile, Treatment, Outcome, Extrapulmonary TB, Pulmonary TB

Abstract

Background: The major risk factors for development of tuberculosis are extremes of age, malnutrition, overcrowding and immune deficient states like AIDS, diabetes mellitus, measles, whooping cough and leukaemia. Chronic malaria and worm infestation are less important risk factors. Tobacco smoking, high alcohol consumption, corticosteroid therapy and immunosuppressive drug therapy reduce body defences there by increasing the susceptibility to tuberculous infection. This study was undertaken to analyse the various clinical presentations in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and extra pulmonary tuberculosis.

Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients from October 2020 to September 2022 (2 years). Data collected from 300 patients who were diagnosed with pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis visited. The subjects were divided into subjects who had pulmonary TB (PTB), and who had extrapulmonary TB (EPTB).

Results: The most common systemic disorders accompanying EPTB were DM (n=11; 8.8%) and chronic renal failure (n=8; 6.4%); while DM (n=16; 9.1%) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (n=13; 7.4%) were those detected frequently in PTB group.

Conclusions: Present study showed higher percentage of males and greater predominance of pulmonary TB. It is also observed high percentage extrapulmonary TB. High percentage of positive treatment outcomes with fewer relapses and failures was observed in this study. A high positive treatment outcome noted may be attributed to the availability of specialist doctors and diagnostic facilities in the tertiary care centre.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Kochi A. The global situation and the new control strategy of WHO. Tubercle. 1991;72 :1-6.

Park K. Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine. Prevent Med Obstet, Paediatric Geriatr. 2005.

Leitch AG. Tuberculosis pathogenesis, Epidemiology and Prevention. In: Seaton A, Seaton D, Leitch AG, eds. Crofton and Douglas’s Respiratory Diseases. 5th edn. Blackwell Science Ltd.; 2000:476-506.

Glassroth J, Crnich CJ. Pulmonary infections caused by Mycobacterial Species. In: Crapo JD, Glassroth J, Karlinsky JB, King TE, eds. Baum’s Textbook of Pulmonary Diseases. 7th edn. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2004:373-404.

Hart CA, Buching NJ, Duerden BI. Tuberculosis into the next century. J Med Microbiol. 1996;44:1.

Demiralay R. Some epidemiological features of extrapulmonary tuberculosis registered in the tuberculous struggle dispensaries in Isparta. Tuberk Toraks. 2003;51:33-9.

Akgun M, Kaynar H, Saglam L, Araz O, Ozden K, Yapanoğlu T, et al. Clinical and social characteristics of the patients with tuberculosis in Eastern Anatolia. Tuberk Toraks. 2006;54:349-54.

Alatas F, Duc G, Metintas M, Erginel S, Ucgun I, Ak G. The general characteristics of our extrapulmonary tuberculosis patients diagnosed between 1995-2002. Osmangazi Tıp Dergisi. 2005;27:1-7.

Tavusbay N, Aksel N, Cakan A, Gulerce G, Dereli S, Ozsoy A. Extrapulmonary tuberculosis cases. Solunum Hastalıkları. 2000;11:294-8.

Ozbay B, Sezgi C, Altınoz O, Sertogullarından B, Tokgoz N. Evaluation of tuberculosis cases detected in our region between 1999 and 2003. Tuberk Toraks. 2008;56:396-404.

Rasolofo Razanamparany V, Ménard D, Aurégan G, Gicquel B, Chanteau S. Extrapulmonary and pulmonary tuberculosis in Antananarivo [Madagascar]: high clustering rate in female patients. J Clin Microbiol. 2002;40:3964-9.

Sreeramareddy CT, Panduru KV, Verma SC, Joshi HS, Bates MN. Comparison of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Nepal- a hospital-based retrospective study. BMC Infect Dis. 2008;8:8.

Musellim B, Erturan S, Sonmez Duman E, Ongen G. Comparison of extra-pulmonary and pulmonary tuberculosis cases: factors influencing the site of reactivation. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2005;9:1220-3.

Lam TH, Ho SY, Hedley AJ, Mak KH, Peto R. Mortality and smoking in Hong Kong: case control study of all adult deaths in 1998. BMJ. 2001;323:1-6.

Peto HM, Pratt RH, Harrington TA, LoBue PA, Armstrong LR. Epidemiology of extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the United States, 1993-2006. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;49:1350-7.

Arora VK, Gupta R. Trends of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis under revised national tuberculosis control programme: a study from south Delhi. Indian J Tuberc. 2006;53:77-83.

Forssbohm M, Zwahlen M, Loddenkemper R, Rieder HL. Demographic characteristics of patients with extrapulmonary tuberculosis in Germany. Eur Respir J. 2008;31:99-105.

Ates Guler S, Bozkus F, Inci MF, Kokoglu OF, Ucmak H, Ozden S, et al. Evaluation of pulmonary and extrapulmonary tuberculosis in immunocompetent adults: a retrospective case series analysis. Med Princ Pract. 2015;24(1):75-9.

Yang Z, Kong Y, Wilson F, Foxman B, Fowler AH, Marrs CF, et al. Identification of risk factors for extra pulmonary tuberculosis. Clin Infect Dis. 2004;38:199-205

Noertjojo K, Tam CM, Chan SL, Chan-Yeung MM. Extra-pulmonary and pulmonary tuberculosis in Hong Kong. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis. 2002;6:879-86.

Cailhol J, Decludt B, Che D. Sociodemographic factors that contribute to the development of extrapulmonary tuberculosis were identified. J Clin Epidemiol. 2005;58:1066-71.

Motghare DD, Sardessai GM, Vaz FS, Kulkarni MS. Study of treatment outcomes in tuberculosis patients on DOTS therapy at five centres in Goa. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2014;1(1):48-51.