Epidemiology of prediabetes and prehypertension-progression, regression and interaction

Mudasir Muzamil; Mir Suheel Ahmad; Najeeb Ahmad; Nazia Hassan

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20230309

Authors

Mudasir Muzamil Department of Cardiology, Sher i Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed University, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Mir Suheel Ahmad Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Najeeb Ahmad Department of Internal Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India
Nazia Hassan Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sher i Kashmir Institute of Medical Sciences, Medical College and Hospital, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20230309

Keywords:

Noncommunicable diseases, Prehypertension, Prediabetes, Cardiovascular diseases, Body mass index

Abstract

Background: The major portion of the non-communicable diseases is formed by cardiovascular diseases. The two major modifiable risk factors are hypertension and diabetes. The probable CVD risk with pre-hypertension and pre-diabetes, to some extent, is dependent on whether pre-HTN leads to hypertension and pre-DM leads to diabetes. Our aim was to study: the progression of prehypertension and prediabetes to overt hypertension and diabetes or to normal status, and the association of pre-obesity and obesity with prehypertension and prediabetes.

Methods: A total of 1200 patients equally distributed among three groups were studied for progression or regression. Group A included 400 patients of pre-hypertension, and group B included 400 patients of pre-diabetes and group C included 400 patients of pre-diabetes and pre-hypertension.

Results: Among the 400 studied patients with prediabetes 31 (7.8%) progressed to diabetes and only 9 (2.3%) progressed to hypertension over a period of two years. Patients with both prehypertension and prediabetes had a higher risk of progression to hypertension and diabetes (3% to hypertension and 15.5% to diabetes). Males were more prone to develop both pre-hypertension and pre-diabetes mellitus and progression. Obesity increased the risk of progression to hypertension and diabetes significantly.

Conclusions: The screening of people for pre-diabetes mellitus and pre-hypertension should be carried out at mass levels so as to diagnose them at an early stage and hence, their progression can be either halted or modified.

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