Histomorphological spectrum of ovarian lesions from a single institute

Abstract

Background: Ovarian tumours pose a significant and intricate issue, contributing to the wide-ranging problem of ovarian pathology. The mortality rate of this condition surpasses the combined mortality rate of endometrial and cervical neoplasms. To address this challenge, we conducted a study of the clinical spectrum, its accompanying findings, and various histomorphological patterns of ovarian lesions. Our findings provide a definite diagnosis, which is of great clinical importance and aids in enhancing the understanding of the disease and developing proper management plans for patients.

Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in the department of pathology, ESIC hospital from January 2021 to December 2021. A total of 62 ovarian tumours, were analysed for a year, verifying their clinical, radiological, and gross features and correlating them with histopathological findings.

Results: Out of 62 cases, 53 were benign, 3 cases were borderline and 6 were malignant. Most of the patients (60%) were from the reproductive age group. Among non-neoplastic lesions, the commonest epithelial tumours were serous cystadenoma 35 cases (43.5 %), 10 mucinous (16.1%). The most common germ cell tumour was mature cystic teratoma 10 cases (16.5%) and others. Among neoplastic lesions, five cases were of surface epithelial type. Abdominal pain (70.97%) is the most common presenting symptom, followed by dysfunctional uterine bleeding (9.6%), mass per abdomen (4.8%), abdominal distention (4.2%), and loss of weight (3.4%). The right ovary is more affected than the left. Bilaterality was observed in all lesions of size more than 4.5 cm.

Conclusions: The ovary is a frequently affected site of tumours in the female reproductive system, and they often exhibit a diverse range of clinical, morphological, and histological characteristics. Among these tumours, benign tumours are the most prevalent, with surface epithelial tumours being the most commonly observed subtype. In this study, benign epithelial tumours comprised the majority of cases, accounting for 66.2% of cases. The most common types of benign tumours were serous cysts, corpus luteal cyst and mature cystic teratoma. It is important to note that although most ovarian tumours are benign, some can be malignant, requiring more aggressive treatment. Therefore, an accurate diagnosis and appropriate management are crucial to warrant the best probable outcome for the patient.