The stress factors and pattern of psychiatric disorders among patients with deliberate self-harm: a study in a tertiary care hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh

M. Tozammel Hoque; M. Rokeya Satter; M. Mozammel Hoque; M. Saidur Rahman

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20231019

Authors

M. Tozammel Hoque Department of Medicine, 250 Bed General Hospital, Thakurgaon, Bangladesh
M. Rokeya Satter Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 250 Bed General Hospital, Thakurgaon, Bangladesh
M. Mozammel Hoque Department of Pediatric Surgery, M Monsur Ali Medical College, Sirajganj, Bangladesh
M. Saidur Rahman Department of Skin and VD, Shahid Ziaur Rahman Medical College, Bogura, Bangladesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20231019

Keywords:

DSH, Depression, Bipolar disorder, Adjustment disorder

Abstract

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) is a complex behavior of maladaptive response to acute and chronic stress, and likely to be suffering from mental health problems as well as co-morbid general medical conditions, including several non-suicidal intentions to suicide. DSH is previously included in suicide. Sir Thomas Browne first used the word ‘suicide’ in 1642 in his religion Medici. The word suicide originated from SUI (of oneself) and CAEDES (murder). According to WHO ‘suicide’ refers to the act of killing oneself intentionally, performed by the person with full knowledge or expectation of the fatal outcome. This study aimed to analyze the stress factors and pattern of psychiatric disorders among patients with DSH.

Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of medicine; emergency and OPD, Rangpur medical college, Rangpur, Bangladesh. Study conducted for 1 year; July 2008-June 2009. A total of 116 DSH cases included in study as per inclusion criteria. Convenience sampling technique was undertaken in this study.

Result: The majority of patients are in the age group of 20-39 years, with 70% in a psychiatric disorder, and in the 40-59 years age group 7.778% have a psychiatric disorder. Age has a significant relationship with DSH (p<0.001). The 90 patients were suffering from psychiatric disorders among them 61 (67.778%) were suffering from depressive episodes, 12 (13.333%) were suffering from a personality disorder, 8 (8.889%) were suffering from mental and behavioral disorders due to psychoactive substance abuse, 7 (7.778%) were suffering from schizophrenia, 1 (01.111%) were suffering from adjustment disorder, 1 (1.111%) suffering from bipolar disorder.

Conclusions: Out of 116 responders 90 (77.586%) were suffering from a psychiatric disorder. Among the patients with psychiatric disorders, 61 (67.778%) patients were found to be suffering from a depressive episode, which was 52.568% of total DSH cases and is an almost treatable disorder.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Gururaj G, Ahsan MN, Isaac MK, Latief MA, Abeyasinghe R, Tantipwattanaskul P. “Suicide prevention” WHO regional office for South East Asia. 2001;1-22.

Chowdhury S, Firoz AHM, Karim ME. Neuropsychiatry of suicide. Bangl J Psychiatr. 2001;15(2):84-9.

Suominen K. Completed suicide after a suicide attempt: A 37 years follow up study. Am J Psychiaty. 2004;161:563-4.

Owens D, Wood C, Greenwood D. Mortality and suicide after non fetal self-poisoning. Br J Psychiatr. 2005;187:470-5.

Owen D, Horrocks J, House A. Fatal and nonfatal repetition of self-harm. A systematic review. Br J Psychiatr. 2002;181:193-9.

Grootenhuis M, Hawton K, Rooijen LV, Fagg J. Attempted suicide in oxford and Utrecht. Br J Psychiatr. 1994;165:73-8.

Soumunen K, Isometra E, Ostamo A, lönnqvist J. Level of suicide intent predicts overall morality and suicide after attempted suicide: a 12 year follow up study. BMC Psychiatr. 2004;4:11.

Alam MS, Haq SM, Faiz MA, Hossain H. Assessment of psychiatric condition in deliberate self-harm by OPC poisoning. Bangl J Psychiatr. 1999;13(1):21-30.

Hawton K, James A. Suicide and deliberate self-harm in young people. BMJ. 2005;330:891-94.

Dass SK Sociodemographic and clinical parameters of Para suicide. FCPS dissertation. Bangl College Physicians Surgeons. 1985;1-20.

Ali M. Psychiatric disorders among suicide attempters. Thesis, department of psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University. 2004;46-57.

Copper J, Kapur N, Webb R, Lawlor M, Guthrie E, Mackway-Jones K et al. Suicide after deliberate self-harm: A 4-year cohort study. Am J Psychiatr. 2005;162(2):297-303.

Kapur N, Cooper J, Podway C, Kely J, Guthrie E, Makway-Jones K. Predicting the risk of repetition after self-harm: Cohort study. BMJ. 2005;19;330(7488):394-5.

Mullick MSI, Karim ME, Khanam M. Depression in Deliberate self-harm patients. Bangl Med Res Cun Bull. 1994;20(3):123-28.

Hawton K, Saunders K, Topiwala A, Haw C. Psychiatric disorders in patients presenting to hospital following self-harm: a systematic review. J Affective Disorders. 2013;151(3):821-30.

Syed EU, Khan MM. Pattern of deliberate self-harm in young people in Karachi, Pakistan. Crisis. 2008;29(3):159-63.

Parkar SR, Dawani V, Weiss MG. Gender, suicide, and the sociocultural context of deliberate self-harm in an urban general hospital in Mumbai, India. Culture Med Psychiatr. 2008;32:492-515.

Vaughn MG, Salas-Wright CP, DeLisi M, Larson M. Deliberate self-harm and the nexus of violence, victimization, and mental health problems in the United States. Psychiatr Res. 2015;225(3):588-95.