Estimation of over nutrition among the elderly population of India: a systematic review
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233717Keywords:
Elderly, India, Obesity, Older adults, Over weight, Over nutritionAbstract
India is undergoing a demographic transition where the unprecedented increase in percentage of elderly population is posing new public health challenges. Malnutrition increases health risks in the older population but the majority of research in elderly nutrition focuses on the aspect of under nutrition while over nutrition remains largely ignored. Over nutrition comprising over weight and obesity substantially reduces the likelihood of healthy ageing. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to estimate the status of over nutrition among elderly population of India. A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus and Google Scholar to identify relevant articles published during 2012 to 2022 following standard protocol and search terms. A total of 26 articles which were found to be relevant were analysed. Body mass index (BMI) based over nutrition is becoming a prevalent condition among the elderly of India. It was found more prevalent among elderly women compared to their male counterparts. Higher prevalence of over nutrition was found among urban dwelling elderly but its incidence is on rise among rural geriatric population. Overweight and obesity among older adults is a complex nutritional concern. So a holistic approach is needed to address this challenge.
References
Balachandran A, de Beer J, James KS, van Wissen L, Janssen F. Comparison of Population Aging in Europe and Asia Using a Time-Consistent and Comparative Aging Measure. J Aging Health. 2020;32(5-6):340-51.
Luhar S, Timæus IM, Jones R, Cunningham S, Patel SA, Kinra S, et al. Forecasting the prevalence of overweight and obesity in India to 2040. PLoS One. 2020;15(2):e0229438.
Polyzos SA, Mantzoros CS. Obesity: seize the day, fight the fat. Metabolism. 2019;92:1-5.
Prickett C, Brennan L, Stolwyk R. Examining the relationship between obesity and cognitive function: a systematic literature review. Obes Res Clin Pract. 2015;9(2):93-113.
Luppino FS, de Wit LM, Bouvy PF, Stijnen T, Cuijpers P, Penninx BW, et al. Overweight, obesity, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2010;67(3):220-9.
Thow AM, Jan S, Leeder S, Swinburn B. The effect of fiscal policy on diet, obesity and chronic disease: a systematic review. Bull World Health Organ. 2010;88(8):609-14.
Agborsangaya CB, Ngwakongnwi E, Lahtinen M, Cooke T, Johnson JA. Multimorbidity prevalence in the general population: the role of obesity in chronic disease clustering. BMC Public Health. 2013;13:1161.
Calle EE, Rodriguez C, Walker-Thurmond K, Thun MJ. Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(17):1625-38.
Doherty TJ. Invited Review: Aging and sarcopenia. J Appl Physiol. 2003;95(4):1717-27.
Santanasto AJ, Goodpaster BH, Kritchevsky SB, Miljkovic I, Satterfield S, Schwartz AV, et al. Body Composition Remodeling and Mortality: The Health Aging and Body Composition Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2017;72(4):513-9.
Muhammad T, Balachandran A, Kumar P, Srivastava S. Obesity-related measures and successful ageing among community-dwelling older adults in India: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1):17186.
Downes MJ, Brennan ML, Williams HC, Dean RS. Development of a critical appraisal tool to assess the quality of cross-sectional studies (AXIS). BMJ Open. 2016;6(12):e011458.
Shankar RR, Balamurugan S. Prevalence of chronic energy deficiency, overweight and obesity among the geriatric population in a rural area in Tamil Nadu. Sri Ramachandra J Med. 201;4(1)24-9.
Kandpal SD, Kakkar R, Aggarwal P, Bansal S. Pattern of prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases in the geriatric population of district Dehradun. J Indian Acad Clin Med. 2013;14(3-4):214-7.
Saikia A, Mahanta N. A study on nutritional status of elderly in terms of body mass index in Urban Slums of Guwahati City. J Indian Acad Geriatr. 2013;9:11-4.
Sarmah C. Ageing and Nutritional Status among Three Communities of Lakhimpur District, Assam. Indian J Gerontol. 2014;28(1).
Singh A, Sahai D, Mathur N. A study on prevailing malnourishment among elderly population of Lucknow city. Int J Agric Food Sci Technol. 2014;5:35-40.
Kritika, Deepshikha, Semwal J, Vyas S, Juyal R, Sati HC. Nutritional status and associated comorbidities among the elderly in Doiwala block, Dehradun. Indian J Comm Health. 2014;26(S2):197-203.
Rajkamal R, Singh Z, Stalin P, Muthurajesh E. Prevalence and determinants of overweight and obesity among elderly population in an urban area of Puducherry. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2015;4(3):369.
Walia R, Bhansali A, Ravikiran M, Ravikumar P, Bhadada SK, Shanmugasundar G, et al. High prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in Asian Indians: a community survey - Chandigarh Urban Diabetes Study (CUDS). Indian J Med Res. 2014;139(2):252-9.
Kalia M, Virk A, Gupta BP, Singh J. Assessment of Malnourishment in Elderly of Rural Punjab. Healthline. 2014;5(2):24-8.
Shankar R, Mohapatra AMAS. Geriatric nutritional status in rural areas of Varanasi. J Comm Health Manag. 2014;1(1):17-22.
Samal S, Panigrahi P, Dutta A. Social epidemiology of excess weight and central adiposity in older Indians: analysis of Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE). BMJ Open. 2015;5(11):e008608.
Ratnaprabha GK, Farah NF, Twinkle A, Naveen JT, Ashit BX. Prevalence of obesity and its associated factors among elderly in a rural area of South Karnataka. Ann Comm Health. 2015;2:15-21.
Singh JP, Gupta SB, Singh AK, Singh CM. Nutritional status of the geriatric population in a rural area in Uttar Pradesh: a community based cross sectional study. Indian J Prev Soc Med. 2016;47(1-2):7.
Keshari P, Shankar H. Nutritional status of urban geriatric population of Varanasi. Indian J Prev Soc Med. 2016;47(1-2):11.
Bartwal J, Rawat C, Awasthi S. Nutritional status of elderly in rural areas of Haldwani, Nainital district of Uttarakhand. Int J Comm Med Public Health. 2016;687-91.
Meshram II, Vishnu Vardhana Rao M, Sudershan Rao V, Laxmaiah A, Polasa K. Regional variation in the prevalence of overweight/obesity, hypertension and diabetes and their correlates among the adult rural population in India. Br J Nutr. 2016;115(7):1265-72.
Rani R, Gupta R, Singh P, Kumari R, Sharma H, Gupta R. Obesity and comorbid conditions: An urban population-based cross-sectional study in Northwest India. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2017;6(10):1.
Ananthesh BG, Bathija GV, Bant DD. A community based cross-sectional study to assess malnutrition among elderly population residing in urban and rural areas of a district in Karnataka, India. Int J Comm Med Public Health. 2016;4(1):51.
Deo MG, Pawar PV, Kanetkar SR, Kakade SV. Prevalence and risk factors of hypertension and diabetes in the Katkari tribe of coastal Maharashtra. J Postgrad Med. 2017;63(2):106-13.
Garg S, Biswas B, Maharana S, Dasgupta A. Potential of mid-upper arm circumference to replace body mass index as a screening tool for assessment of nutritional status: A study among a rural elderly population in eastern India. Nat J Physiol Pharm Pharmacol. 2018;1.
Vinod Khole C, Soletti A. Nutritional Status of Elderly in the Old Age Homes: A Study in Pune City. Curr Res Nutr Food Sci J. 2018;6(1):234-40.
Krishnamoorthy Y, Vijayageetha M, Kumar SG, Rajaa S, Rehman T. Prevalence of malnutrition and its associated factors among elderly population in rural Puducherry using mini-nutritional assessment questionnaire. J Family Med Prim Care. 2018;7(6):1429-33.
Reddy VB, Kusuma YS, Pandav CS, Goswami AK, Krishnan A. Prevalence of malnutrition, diarrhea, and acute respiratory infections among under-five children of Sugali tribe of Chittoor district, Andhra Pradesh, India. J Nat Sci Biol Med. 2016;7(2):155-60.
Khole C. Perceived health status and nutrition status among slum-dwelling elderly in Pune City. Indian J Gerontol. 2020;34(3):353-67.
Prabhakar T, Goel MK, Acharya AS, Rasania SK. Prevalence and pattern of non-communicable diseases among elderly in a sub-urban area of Delhi. Indian J Comm Health. 2021;33(1):75-81.
Banerjee S, Kumar P, Srivastava S, Banerjee A. Association of anthropometric measures of obesity and physical activity with cardio-vascular diseases among older adults: Evidence from a cross-sectional survey, 2017–18. Plos One. 2021;16(12):e0260148.
Muhammad T, Boro B, Kumar M, Srivastava S. Gender differences in the association of obesity-related measures with multi-morbidity among older adults in India: Evidence from LASI, Wave-1. BMC Geriatrics. 2022;22(1):171.
Chauhan S, Srivastava S, Kumar P, Patel R. Decomposing urban-rural differences in multimorbidity among older adults in India: A study based on LASI data. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):502.
Aiyar A, Rahman A, Pingali P. India’s rural transformation and rising obesity burden. World Development. 2021;138:105258.
Pengpid S, Peltzer K. Underweight and overweight/obesity among middle aged and older adults in India: Prevalence and correlates from a national survey in 2017–2018. Int J Non-Commun Dis. 2021;6:172-9.
Bloom DE. International Monetary Fund. Communications Department. Finance & Development, March 2020. Finance & Development. 2020;57(1):1.
Yadav S, Arokiasamy P. Understanding epidemiological transition in India. Global Health Action. 2014;7:23248.
World Health Organization. Obesity and overweight. Available at: www.who.int/en/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/obesity-and-overweight. Accessed on 22 March 2023.
Chen H, Guo X. Obesity and Functional Disability in Elderly Americans: obesity and disability. J Am Geriatrics Soc. 2008;56(4):689-94.
Popkin BM. The nutrition transition and its health implications in lower-income countries. Public Health Nutr. 1998;1(1):5-21.
Popkin BM. The Nutrition Transition in Low-Income Countries: An Emerging Crisis. Nutr Rev. 2009;52(9):285-98.
Jones-Smith JC, Gordon-Larsen P, Siddiqi A, Popkin BM. Is the burden of overweight shifting to the poor across the globe? Time trends among women in 39 low- and middle-income countries (1991–2008). Int J Obesity. 2012;36(8):1114-20.
Dutta M, Selvamani Y, Singh P, Prashad L. The double burden of malnutrition among adults in India: Evidence from the National Family Health Survey-4 (2015-16). Epidemiol Health. 2019;41:e2019050.
Porter Starr K, McDonald S, Weidner J, Bales C. Challenges in the Management of Geriatric Obesity in High Risk Populations. Nutrients. 2016;8(5):262.
Buys DR, Locher JL. Food insecurity and hunger among older adults. In: Bales C., Locher J., Saltzman E., editors. Handbook of Clinical Nutrition and Aging. 3rd ed. Springer Science+Business Media; New York, NY, USA. 2014;147-59.
Houston DK, Nicklas BJ, Zizza CA. Weighty concerns: The growing prevalence of obesity among older adults. J Am Dietetic Assoc. 2009;109(11):1886-95.
Malenfant JH, Batsis JA. Obesity in the geriatric population – a global health perspective. J Glob Health Rep. 2019;3:e2019045.
Brown RE, Kuk JL. Consequences of obesity and weight loss: a devil's advocate position. Obes Rev. 2015;16(1):77-87.
