Clinical picture of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in children at Ruteng hospital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233692Keywords:
Glomerulonephritis, Streptococcus, ASTO, Acute kidney injuryAbstract
Background: Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (PSGN) is the main cause of acute nephritis in children, globally reaches more than 470,000 cases per year, 97% of which occur in developing countries. Sublinical cases are 4 times more common than symptomatic, so reports on the incidence of acute PSGN are very limited.
Methods: This study used a descriptive retrospective method from medical records at RSUD Ruteng from January to June 2023. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (SSPS) 22 program.
Results: Results of the study were obtained as 37 pediatric patients with acute PSGN. The patients age ranged 4-17 years with an average 9 years, 51.4% women and 48.6% men. Most cases occur after respiratory tract infections (75.7%). Symptoms of edema and hypertension (89.2% stage I and 10.8% stage II) was found in all patients and become the reason why patients come. Patients experienced macroscopic hematuria 16.2%. The laboratory test showed 100% microscopic hematuria, proteinuria in 72.1% and ASTO titer increased by more than 200 IU in all patients. Eleven patients with complications, acute renal failure (24.3%), hypertension encephalopathy (5.4%) and 1 patient with pulmonary edema. The average length of stay is 8 days (3-22 days).
Conclusions: The incidence of acute PSGN at RSUD Ruteng within 6 months is quite high. Acute PSGN in children causes severe complicationsand longer treatment. The prevention is needed to care about the importance of clean and healthy living behavior.
References
Alhamoud MA, Salloot IZ, Mohiuddin SS, AlHarbi TM, Batouq F, Alfrayyan NY, et al. A Comprehensive Review Study on Glomerulone-phritis Associated With Post-streptococcal Infection. Cureus. 2021;13(12):e20212.
Wan Yusof WA, Yaacob NM, Nasir A, Yusoff S, Ilias MI. Clinical predictors of acute kidney injury in children with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: a tertiary centre experience. Singapore Med J. 2023;6.
Ong LT. Management and outcomes of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in children. World J Nephrol. 2022;11(5):139-45.
Mosquera J, Pedreañez A. Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis: analysis of the pathogenesis. Int Rev Immunol. 2021;40:381-400.
Satoskar AA, Parikh SV, Nadasdy T. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, treatment and outcomes of infection-associated glomerulonephritis. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2020;16(1):32-50.
Shimelis D. Acute Post-Streptococcal Glomerulonephritis (Apsgn). Ethiop J Pediatr Child Heal. 2019;14:43-9.
Miller KM, Van Beneden C, McDonald M, Hla TK, Wong W, Pedgrift H, et al. Standardization of Epidemiological Surveillance of Acute Poststreptococcal Glomerulonephritis. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022;9(1):S57-64.
Chong HC, Hung TY, Hohls A, Francis JR, Chaturvedi S. Clinical characteristics of hospitalised children with acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in the Top End of Australia. J Paediatr Child Health. 2023;59(5):735-42.
Bhuiyan NMSI, Alam A, Zahirul Hasan Z, Mostafa Zaman K, Zakaria M. A Clinical Profile and Immediate Outcome of Acute Glomerulonephritis (AGN) in Hospitalized Children. Am J Pediatr. 2020;6:448.
Raza MA, Gillani S, Sadaat S, Munazza B, Tauqeer S, Naz R. Clinical profiling and outcome of acute post- streptococcal glomerulonephritis in children from a tertiary care centre. Pak J Physiol. 2022;18:43-6.
Yang TJ, Shah H, Olagunju A, Novak M, Difilippo W. Role of Steroids in Post-streptococcal Glomerulonephritis Without Crescents on Renal Biopsy. Cureus. 2018;10(8):e3150.
Gunasekaran K, Krishnamurthy S, Mahadevan S, Harish BN, Kumar AP. Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Post-Infectious Glomerulonephritis in Children in Southern India: A Prospective Study. Indian J Pediatr. 2015;82:896-903.