Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in HIV infected cases and its association with CD4 count in Silchar medical college and hospital

Authors

  • Barnamoy Bhattacharjee Department of Microbiology, Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, Assam, India
  • Debadatta Dhar Chanda Department of Microbiology, Silchar Medical College and Hospital, Silchar, Assam, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233710

Keywords:

Toxoplasma IgG, CD4 count, HIV, Assam

Abstract

Background: Toxoplasmosis caused by the intracellular coccidian parasite Toxoplasma gondii is one the most common AIDS defining condition in HIV infection. It may produce fatal consequences if gains upper hand in immunocompromised states like HIV infection or due to reactivation of latent disease or new infection. Toxoplasma encephalitis, affecting 15-40% of world’s PLHIV, is the most common opportunistic parasitic co-morbidity conventionally when CD4 count falls below 200/µl. But there has also been reports of asymptomatic toxoplasma IgG seropositivity in PLHIV with CD4 count in the range of 200-500/µl. This study was carried out to find the prevalence of Toxoplasma IgG seropositivity and to determine the association of Toxoplasma gondii seropositivity with CD4 count in HIV infected cases in south Assam.

Methods: The 200 HIV infected cases with CD4 count <500/µl attending ICTC, ART centre and various clinical departments were screened by Toxoplasma IgG ELISA over 1 year.

Result: It was found that 94 HIV infected cases were seropositive for Toxoplasma IgG and in which CD4 count was significantly less than 200/µl in 54% cases and in the range of 200-500/µl in remaining 46% cases.

Conclusions: This sero-surveillance revealed anti-Toxoplasma gondii IgG in 47% cases. IgG seropositivity was significantly higher in cases on ART and in females with history of first trimester abortion. The finding of this study calls for initiation of prophylaxis against Toxoplasma routinely even in HIV cases of this region with CD4count in 200-500/µl range as quite good proportion of Toxoplasma seropositive HIV cases have CD4 count in this range apart from the conventionally vulnerable group with CD4 count below 200/µl.

References

Sastry AS, Bhat SK. 2nd Edition Essentials of Medical Parasitology. Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers. 2018.

Anuradha B, Preethi C. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma IgG Antibodies in HIV Positive Patients in and around Khammam, Telangana State. J Clin Diag Res. 2014;8(9):DL01-2.

Jameson JL, Anthony SF, Dennis LK, Stephen LH, Dan LL, Joseph L. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine- 20th Edi, Vol I. McGraw Hill / Medical. 2018.

Bhattacharyya S, Khurana S, Dubey ML. Anti-Toxoplasma gondii antibody detection in serum and urine samples by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in HIV-infected patients. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2013;56(1).

Mathew SS. Seroprevalence of IgG Toxoplasma in HIV infected patients. J Evolution Med Dent Sci. 2018;7(09):1148-51.

Nissapatorn V, Lee CKC, Cho SM, Rohela M, Khirul AA, Quek KF et al. Toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS patients in Malaysia, Southeast Asian. J Trop Med Public Heal. 2003;34(2):2003.

Machala L, Maly´ M, Ondrˇej B, David J, Petr K. Incidence and clinical and immunological characteristics of primary Toxoplasma gondii infection in HIV-infected patients. Int J Infect Dis. 2013;17(2013):e892-6.

Mohraz M, Mehrkhani F, Jam S, Alinaghi SAS, Sabzvari S, Fattahi F et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in HIV+/AIDS Patients in Iran. Acta Medica Iranica. 2011;49(4):213-8.

Osunkalu VO, Akanmu SA, Ofomah NJ, Onyiaorah IV, Adediran AA, Akinde IA. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibody in HIV-infected patients at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, HIV/AIDS - Research and Palliative Care. 2011.

Amuta EU, Amali O, Jacob SE, Houmsou RS. Toxoplasma gondii IgG antibodies in HIV/AIDS patients attending hospitals inMakurdi metropolis, Benue state, Nigeria. Int J Med Biomed Res. 2012;1(3):186-92.

Malla N, Sengupta C, Dubey ML, Sud A, Dutta U. Antigenaemia and antibody response to Toxoplasma gondii in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Brit J Biomed Sci. 2005;62(1):19-23.

Sucilathangam G, Palaniappan N, Sreekumar C, Anna T. Serological survey of toxoplasmosis in a district in Tamil Nadu: Hospital-based study. Indian J Med Res. 2013;137:560-63.

Uppal B, Aggarwal P, Naz P, Anuj S. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma among HIV infected and HIV non-infected individuals in North India, Asian Pac J Trop Dis. 2015;5(1):S15-8.

Walle F, Nigatu K, Aster T, Tesfu K. Seroprevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasmosis in HIV infected and non-infected individuals in Bahir Dar, Northwest Ethiopia. Parasites Vectors. 2013;6(1):15.

Xavier GA, Beatris GC, Nilton ACF, Nara ARF. Evaluation Of Seroepidemiological Toxoplasmosis in HIV/AIDS patients in the South of Brazil. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paul. 2013;55(1):25-30.

Ayalew JZ, Yayehirad AM. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma Gondii and associated risk factors among HIV‑infected women within reproductive age group at Mizan Aman General Hospital, Southwest Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC Res Notes. 2017;10:70.

Mohammad TR, Seif AM, Behzad J, Rozita R, Mahmood M, Mehri K et al. High Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii Antibody in HIV/AIDS Individuals from North of Iran. Iran J Parasitol. 2015;10(4):584-9.

Mukherjee R, Kumar D. Toxoplasmosis in Human Immunodeficiency Virus/ Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome patients in a tertiary care hospital of Pune city of Maharashtra, India. Int J Med Sci Public Health 2017;6(6):1024-7.

Hassan R, Fateme S, Enayatollah S, Seyed DMN, Hadi RY, Kavous S et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii among HIV Patients in Jahrom, Southern Iran. Korean J Parasitol. 2017;55(1):99-103.

Dimie O, Geoffrey CO, Bolanle OM, Reginald OO. Seroprevalence of IgM and IgG Antibodies to Toxoplasma infection in healthy and HIV-positive adults from Northern Nigeria. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2013;7(5):398-403.

Nazari N, Arezoo B, Alireza J, Farshid B. Toxoplasma gondii and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in western Iran: A cross sectional study. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2018;11(1):58-62.

Muluye D, Yitayih W, Yeshambel B, Feleke M, Mengistu E, Getachew F et al. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors among People Living with HIV at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia. Hindawi Trop Med. 2013;123858.

Meisheri YV, Mehta S, Patel U. A prospective study of seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in general population, and in HIV/AIDS patients in Bombay, India. J Postgrad Med. 1997;43:93-7.

Nazari N, Arezoo B, Alireza J, Farshid Bi. Toxoplasma gondii and human immunodeficiency virus co-infection in western Iran: A cross sectional study. Asian Pac J Trop Med. 2018;11(1):58-62.

Chemoh W, Nongyao S, Pisut S, Hemah A, Thanaporn H, Natthawan S et al. Toxoplasma gondii–Prevalence and Risk Factors in HIV infected Patients from Songklanagarind Hospital, Southern Thailand, Frontiers Microbiol. 2015;6:1304.

Tegegne D, Mukarim A, Tadesse M, Moti Y. Anti-Toxoplasma antibodies prevalence and associated risk factors among HIV patients. Asian Pacific J Trop Med. 2016;9(5):460-4.

Downloads

Published

2023-11-29

How to Cite

Bhattacharjee, B., & Dhar Chanda, D. (2023). Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in HIV infected cases and its association with CD4 count in Silchar medical college and hospital. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 11(12), 4422–4428. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20233710

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles