Evaluating maternal and perinatal outcomes of eclampsia at a tertiary healthcare facility in Bihar, India: a retrospective study

Priyanka Kumari; Swati; Ashutosh Kumar; Gunjan Gunjan

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20240677

Authors

Priyanka Kumari Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
Swati Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India
Ashutosh Kumar Department of ENT, Jawahar Lal Nehru Medical College and Hospital, Bhagalpur, Bihar, India
Gunjan Gunjan Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Patna Medical College and Hospital, Patna, Bihar, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20240677

Keywords:

Eclampsia, Maternal outcomes, Perinatal outcomes, Obstetric interventions

Abstract

Background: Eclampsia, characterized by seizures in women with preeclampsia, is a leading cause of mother and neonatal illness and death globally. Despite advancements in obstetric care, eclampsia remains a significant concern, especially in nations with poor and medium incomes. The aim of the study is to comprehensively assess the maternal and perinatal outcomes associated with eclampsia cases treated at a tertiary healthcare centre with the goal of improving understanding and management strategies for this serious medical condition.

Methods: This retrospective observational study was conducted over 12 months. Data were collected from 200 eclampsia cases, focusing on demographic information, obstetric history, clinical characteristics, obstetric interventions, maternal complications, and perinatal outcomes. Statistical analysis was accomplished using SPSS version 21.

Results: The mean age of patients was 28.5 years, with a majority (65%) being multiparous. Antepartum eclampsia was the most common clinical type (60%). Emergency caesarean section was performed in 70% of cases. Maternal complications included pulmonary edema (45%) and renal failure (25%), with a maternal mortality rate of 5%. Pre-term births occurred in 40% of cases, with an average gestational age at birth of 32 weeks. Additionally, 35% of newborns were low birth weight, and the perinatal mortality rate was 15%.

Conclusions: This study highlights the substantial burden of neonatal and mother morbidity and death related with eclampsia in Bihar, India. Effective management strategies, including timely diagnosis, obstetric interventions, and preventive measures, are crucial in mitigating the adverse outcomes of eclampsia. Improving access to antenatal care, early detection of pre-eclampsia, and enhancing obstetric care services are essential in reducing the impact of eclampsia. Furthermore, continuous medical education programs for healthcare providers can enhance their knowledge and skills in managing eclampsia cases effectively.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Duley L. The global impact of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. Semin Perinatol. 2009;33(3):130-7.

Khan KS, Wojdyla D, Say L, Gülmezoglu AM, Van Look PF. WHO analysis of causes of maternal death: a systematic review. Lancet. 2006;367(9516):1066-74.

Magee LA, Pels A, Helewa M, Rey E, Von Dadelszen P, Audibert F. Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of the hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: executive summary. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2019;41(7):948-51.

Sibai BM. Diagnosis, prevention, and management of eclampsia. Obstet Gynecol. 2005;105(2):402-10.

Abalos E, Cuesta C, Grosso AL, Chou D, Say L. Global and regional estimates of preeclampsia and eclampsia: a systematic review. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2013;170(1):1-7.

Tranquilli AL. Introduction to ISSHP new classification of preeclampsia. Pregnancy Hypertens. 2013;3(2):58-59.

Panda S, Das R, Sharma N, Das A, Deb P, Singh K. Maternal and Perinatal Outcomes in Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy and Factors Influencing It: A Prospective Hospital-Based Study in Northeast India. Cureus. 2021;13(3):e13982.

Kumari S, Kumari A, Ramadevi D. Clinical studying of eclampsia it's maternal and perinatal outcome. Indian J Appl Res. 2023;13(3).

Patel AJ, Patel BS, Shah AC, Jani SK. Maternal and perinatal outcome in severe pre-eclampsia and eclampsia: a study of 120 cases at a tertiary health care center in Western India. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2021;10(3):1011-7.

Deshmukh V, Gangurde VR, Gadappa S. Maternal and Perinatal Outcome of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES) in Patients with Eclampsia at Tertiary Health Care Centre. J Obstet Gynaecol India. 2022;72(1):192-7.

Jain R, Bindal J. Maternal and perinatal outcomes in eclampsia: a retrospective analysis in a referral hospital. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2017;6(7):2806-12.

Sahu P, Goyal P, Mehta N, Bhattacharjee S. Perinatal outcome of babies born to mothers with antepartum eclampsia: A study from tertiary care hospital of Central India. Asian J Med Sci. 2022;13(7):138-44.