Incidence and characteristics of preeclampsia patients: a descriptive study

Ida B. A. W. Putra; I. Wayan A. Putra; Made B. D. Aryana; I. Gde S. Winata

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20241310

Authors

Ida B. A. W. Putra Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
I. Wayan A. Putra Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
Made B. D. Aryana Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia
I. Gde S. Winata Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Udayana University/Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, Bali, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20241310

Keywords:

Case fatality rate, Characteristics, Complications, Incidence, Preeclampsia

Abstract

Background: More than 70% of maternal deaths are caused by preeclampsia and eclampsia. This study aimed to evaluate the characteristics of pregnant women with preeclampsia in the obstetrics emergency room of Prof. Dr. I. Gusti Ngoerah Gede (I.G.N.G.) Ngoerah General Hospital, Denpasar, in 2022.

Methods: This study was conducted with a high level of thoroughness and detail. Data obtained include age data, gestational age, parity, employment, education, history of hypertension, history of pregnancy with preeclampsia before, blood pressure measurement results, body mass index (BMI), laboratory examination results, NST picture, complications, mode of delivery, APGAR, and birth weight. The collected data was meticulously tabulated, analyzed, and presented as tables and narratives.

Results: The findings of this study are significant for the field of obstetrics and gynecology. The incidence of preeclampsia in the obstetrics emergency room of Prof. Dr. I.G.N.G. Ngoerah General Hospital reached 15.75% in 2022 with a 0% case fatality rate. The average age was 31 years. Sixty-one subjects (62.89%) were primiparous, 41 subjects (42.27%) had a history of hypertension, and 23 subjects (23.71%) had a history of pregnancy with preeclampsia. The median BMI reached 22.3 kg/m². The mean platelet of 354 103/µl, creatinine of 0.7 mg/dl, and 93 subjects (95.88%) were positive for proteinuria. Based on the NST picture obtained, 37 (38.14%) patients had reactive non-stress test pictures. APGAR score >7 of 76 subjects (78.35%) with a median birth weight of 1,850 grams.

Conclusions: This study is expected to be a reference for further research. Further research is needed to assess the relationship between demographic characteristics and the risk factors of preeclampsia.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Muhani N, Masyarakat. Preeklampsia Berat dam Kematian Ibu. J Kesehat Masy Nas. 2014;10(27):81.

Wulandari ES, Ernawati E, Nuswantoro D. Risk factors of preeclampsia with severe features and its complications. Indones Midwifery Heal Sci J. 2021;5(1):29-37.

Djannah SN, Arianti IS. Gambaran epidemiologi kejadian preeklampsia/eklampsia di rsu pku muhammadiyah yogyakarta tahun 2007–2009. Health Systems Research Bulletin. 2010;13:4.

Endeshaw M, Abebe F, Bedimo M, Asrat AA, Gebeyehu A, Keno A. Family history of hypertension increases the risk of preeclampsia in pregnant women: a case-control study. Universa Medicina. 2016;35(3):181-91.

Jain S, Acharya N. Fetal Wellbeing Monitoring: A Review Article. Cureus. 2022;14(9):e29039.

Fernández Alba JJ, Mesa Páez C, Vilar Sánchez Á, Soto Pazos E, González Macías MDC, Serrano Negro E, et al. Overweight and obesity as risk factors for hypertensive states of pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study. Nutr Hosp. 2018;35(4):874-80.

Primayanti I, Danianto A, Jumsa R, Geriputri NN, Andari MY. Gambaran epidemiologi faktor risiko preeklamsia pada ibu hamil. Unram Med J. 2022;11(1):785-8.

Fox R, Kitt J, Leeson P, Aye CYL, Lewandowski AJ. Preeclampsia: Risk Factors, Diagnosis, Management, and the Cardiovascular Impact on the Offspring. J Clin Med. 2019;8(10):1625.

Vincent NTF, Darmayasa IM, Suardika A. Risk factors of preeclampsia and eclampsia in Sanglah General Hospital from March 2016 to March 2017. Intisari Sains Medis. 2018;9:2.

Huang QT, Wang SS, Zhang M, Huang LP, Tian JW, Yu YH, et al. Advanced oxidation protein products enhances soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 expression in trophoblasts: a possible link between oxidative stress and preeclampsia. Placenta. 2013;34(10):949-52.

Naljayan M V, Karumanchi SA. New developments in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2013;20(3):265-70.

Polsani S, Phipps E, Jim B. Emerging new biomarkers of preeclampsia. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 2013;20(3):271-9.

Tyas BD, Lestari P, Aldika Akbar MI. Maternal Perinatal Outcomes Related to Advanced Maternal Age in Preeclampsia Pregnant Women. J Fam Reprod Heal. 2019;13(4):191-200.

Nawsherwan, Mubarik S, Nabi G, Wang S, Fan C. Preeclampsia Mediates the Association between Advanced Maternal Age and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Iran J Public Health. 2020;49(9):1727-33.

Bouzaglou A, Aubenas I, Abbou H, Rouanet S, Carbonnel M, Pirtea P, et al. Pregnancy at 40 years Old and Above: Obstetrical, Fetal, and Neonatal Outcomes. Is Age an Independent Risk Factor for Those Complications? Front Med. 2020;7:208.

Davies EL, Bell JS, Bhattacharya S. Preeclampsia and preterm delivery: A population-based case-control study. Hypertens Pregnancy. 2016;35(4):510-9.

Rasmussen S, Ebbing C, Irgens LM. Predicting preeclampsia from a history of preterm birth. PLoS One. 2017;12(7):e0181016.

Hernández-Díaz S, Toh S, Cnattingius S. Risk of pre-eclampsia in first and subsequent pregnancies: prospective cohort study. BMJ. 2009;338:b2255.

Nugteren JJ, Snijder CA, Hofman A, Jaddoe VW V, Steegers EAP, Burdorf A. Work-related maternal risk factors and the risk of pregnancy induced hypertension and preeclampsia during pregnancy. The Generation R Study. PLoS One. 2012;7(6):e39263.

Sisti G, Colombi I. New blood pressure cut off for preeclampsia definition: 130/80 mmHg. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2019;240:322-4.

Sole KB, Staff AC, Laine K. The association of maternal country of birth and education with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: A population-based study of 960 516 deliveries in Norway. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018;97(10):1237-47.

Brown MA, Magee LA, Kenny LC, Karumanchi SA, McCarthy FP, Saito S, et al. Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy: ISSHP Classification, Diagnosis, and Management Recommendations for International Practice. Hypertens (Dallas, Tex 1979). 2018;72(1):24-43.

Rezk M, Gamal A, Emara M. Maternal and fetal outcome in de novo preeclampsia in comparison to superimposed preeclampsia: a two-year observational study. Hypertens pregnancy. 2015;34(2):137-44.

Sukmawati, Mamuroh L, Nurhakim F, Hermayanti Y. Penatalaksanaan Preeklampsi Pada Ibu Hamil: Literature Review. J Matern Care Reprod Heal. 2020;4(3):241-56.

Hunkapiller NM, Gasperowicz M, Kapidzic M, Plaks V, Maltepe E, Kitajewski J, et al. A role for Notch signaling in trophoblast endovascular invasion and in the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia. Development. 2011;138(14):2987-98.

Ogunwole SM, Mwinnyaa G, Wang X, Hong X, Henderson J, Bennett WL. Preeclampsia Across Pregnancies and Associated Risk Factors: Findings From a High-Risk US Birth Cohort. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(17):e019612.

Mutiara B, Amirus K, Aryastuti N, Wulandari R, Sudirahayu I. Analisis Faktor Risiko Yang Mempengaruhi Tekanan Darah Dan Protein Urine Pada Ibu Dengan Preeklamsia Di Rsud Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung 2017. J Kesmas (Kesehatan Masyarakat) Khatulistiwa. 2018;4(3):48.

Lopez-Jaramillo P, Barajas J, Rueda-Quijano SM, Lopez-Lopez C, Felix C. Obesity and Preeclampsia: Common Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1838.

Amyranti AK, Silalahi E. Karakteristik Klinis dan Laboratorium pada Pasien Preeklamsia Berat Awitan Dini dan Awitan Lanjut di RSUP Fatmawati Jakarta Tahun 2016-2017. Indones J Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2020;3(1):7-11.

Sungkar A, Irwinda R, Surya R, Kurniawan A. Maternal Characteristics, Pregnancy, and Neonatal Outome in Preeclampsia and HELLP Syndrome: a Comparative Study. eJournal Kedokt Indones. 2021;9:7.

Hortence FJ, Manuella MW, Cliford EE, Agnès E, Elodie TN, Florent FY, et al. Factors Associated with Maternal and Perinatal Complications of Preeclampsia at the Central Hospital of Yaoundé: A Cross-Sectional Analytical Study. Open J Obstet Gynecol. 2022;12:12.

Amorim MM, Souza ASR, Katz L. Planned caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for severe pre-eclampsia. Cochrane database Syst Rev. 2017;10(10):CD009430.