Comparison of fasting and non-fasting lipid profile in Nigerian adults
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20250222Keywords:
Cardiovascular risk, Fasting lipid profile, Plasma cholesterol, Triglycerides levels, Nigerian adultsAbstract
Background: Lipid profiles are a vital cardiovascular risk factor. Traditionally fasting lipid profiles are used to minimise postprandial variability, the necessity of fasting for accurate lipid assessment has been questioned, and its utility among Nigerian adults remains uncertain. We compared fasting and non-fasting plasma lipid levels in Nigerian adults to assess the practicality of a non-fasting lipid profile.
Methods: We conducted this self-control comparative study at University College Hospital in Ibadan, Nigeria. We recruited 90 consenting adults aged 18 and older from various outpatient units. We collected plasma samples after an overnight fast and two hours post-prandial. We analysed the lipid levels using standard laboratory methods. We used paired t-tests and bland Altman graphs to compare mean values and determine agreement.
Results: The fasting total cholesterol (TC) (5.25±2.05 mmol/l) and LDL cholesterol (3.84±2.08 mmol/l) levels were significantly higher than their non-fasting counterparts (3.95±1.79 mmol/l and 2.34±1.74 mmol/l, respectively; p<0.001). Conversely, triglyceride (TG) levels were significantly higher in the non-fasting state (1.68±0.88 mmol/l) compared to the fasting state (1.35±0.73 mmol/l; p<0.001). HDL cholesterol levels showed minimal differences between fasting and non-fasting conditions (p=0.136). Bland-Altman analysis indicated that the variations between fasting and non-fasting lipid profiles fell within clinically acceptable limits.
Conclusions: Within the acceptable limits of agreement, non-fasting lipid profiles offer a practical alternative to fasting profiles for cardiovascular risk assessment in Nigerian adults.
Metrics
References
Arsenault BJ, Boekholdt SM, Kastelein JJ. Lipid parameters for measuring risk of cardiovascular disease. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2011;8(4):197-206. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrcardio.2010.223
Gaggini M, Gorini F, Vassalle C. Lipids in atherosclerosis: pathophysiology and the role of calculated lipid indices in assessing cardiovascular risk in patients with hyperlipidemia. Int J Mol Sci. 2022;24(1):75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010075
Langsted A, Nordestgaard BG. Nonfasting versus fasting lipid profile for cardiovascular risk prediction. Pathology (Phila.) 2019;51(2):131-41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2018.09.062
Nordestgaard BG, Langsted A, Mora S, Kolovou G, Baum H, Bruckert E, et al. Fasting is not routinely required for determination of a lipid profile: clinical and laboratory implications including flagging at desirable concentration cut-points-a joint consensus statement from the European Atherosclerosis Society and European Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine. Eur Heart J. 2016;37(25):1944-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehw152
Louter L, Visseren FLJ, Roeters van Lennep JE. A fasting lipid profile is not a necessity in majority of cases. Ned Tijdschr Geneeskd. 2020;164:D4394.
Amegah AK. Tackling the Growing Burden of Cardiovascular Diseases in Sub-Saharan Africa: Need for Dietary Guidelines. Circulation. 2018;138:2449-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.118.037367
Olagundoye OO, Dosunmu EB, Arowojolu MO. Lipid Profile and the Severity of Periodontitis among Tertiary Hospital Patients in a Semi-Urban Population in Southwestern Nigeria. Saudi J Biomed Res 2022;7:177-83. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36348/sjbr.2022.v07i05.001
Vittal B, Abhijith D. Fasting and non-fasting lipid profile; A comparative study. Int J Adv Biochem Res 2021;5:06-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33545/26174693.2021.v5.i1a.56
Dipankar S, Pawar S. Comparison of fasting and non-fasting lipid profile in young healthy adults. Int J Clin Exp Physiol. 2019;6:8-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5530/ijcep.2019.6.1.3
Chinonso NJ, Ubuo KA, Onuegbu JA, Okeke CS, Oti DC, Iwuagwu GO, et al. Comparative Study of Remnant Cholesterol, Some Lipid Fractions and FBS Level in Overweight and Obese Participants in South East Nigeria. Asian J Res Biochem. 2023;12:11-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.9734/ajrb/2023/v12i3235
Andrade C. Nonfasting Lipid Profile May Suffice to Manage Dyslipidemia. Indian J Psychol Med 2020;42(3):316-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/IJPSYM.IJPSYM_178_20
Umakanth M. Fasting versus Non-fasting Lipid profile in the clinical practice. Sri Lanka J Diabetes Endocrinol Metab. 2018;8:32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4038/sjdem.v8i2.7355
NICE guideline CG181. Cardiovascular disease: risk assessment and reduction, including lipid modification. Methods. 2023.
Bland JM, Altman DG. Measuring agreement in method comparison studies. Stat. Methods Med Res. 1999;8(2):135-60. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1191/096228099673819272
Giavarina D. Understanding bland altman analysis. Biochem. Medica. 2015;25(2):141-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11613/BM.2015.015
Mihas C, Kolovou GD, Mikhailidis DP, Kovar J, Lairon D, Nordestgaard BG, et al. Diagnostic value of postprandial triglyceride testing in healthy subjects: a meta-analysis. Curr Vasc Pharmacol. 2011;9(3):271-80. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2174/157016111795495530
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
