Liver damage and muscle injury associated with the use of statins
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20242639Keywords:
Statin, Cardiovascular diseases, Liver dysfunction, Muscle injuryAbstract
Pharmacological monitoring with positive and negative effects on the use of medications is an important aspect during the administration of different drugs. Adverse events generated by the misuse of medications have become one of the main causes of death worldwide and an urgent problem in the field of toxicology. Cardiovascular diseases currently occupy the top positions among the main causes of death worldwide, especially in older adults who, burdened by their different comorbidities, find themselves faced with the need to use multiple pharmacological therapies. Among them, statins are widely used to reduce bad cholesterol levels and thus be able to combat the formation of plaque at the coronary level, especially in patients with hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Although the use of statins worldwide generates broad benefits, there are different types of adverse reactions (ARs), including liver dysfunction and muscle damage, that affect the quality of life of people who use them. This review describes the mechanisms, epidemiology and rapid identification of hepatic and muscular effects associated with the use of statins.
References
Sun L, Zhao Q, Wang Y. Efficacy and safety of anlotinib-containing regimens in advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a real-world study. Int J Gen Med. 2023;16:4165-79.
Zhang XJ, Zhou JG, Pan M, Yuan W, Gao B. Analysis of adverse drug reaction reports from a public hospital in Shanxi Province in 2022. Risk
Manag Health Policy. 2023;16:1391-401.
Liu S, Li Y, Zeng X. Burden of cardiovascular diseases in China, 1990-2016: findings from the 2016 global burden of disease study. JAMA Cardiol. 2019;4(4):342-52.
Wang X, Li J, Wang T. Associations between statins and adverse events in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: pairwise, network, and dose-response meta-analyses of 47 randomized controlled trials. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:929020.
Zhao Q, Sun S, Zhou F, Yue J, Luo X, Qu X. The inhibition of evolocumab on non-infarct-related artery disease in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Int J Gen Med. 2023;16:2771-81.
Tuleutayeva RY, Makhatova AR, Rakhyzhanova SO, Zhazykbayeva LK, Kozhakhmetova DK. Candidate genes for prediction of efficacy and safety of statin therapy in the Kazakh Population. Twin Res Hum Genet. 2023;1-7.
Vohra LI, Rizwan K, Saeed E, Hamza MSA, Ochani S. Inclisiran adjuvant therapy to statins for the use of hypercholesterolemia: a commentary. Egypt Heart J. 2023;75(1):60.
Nanna MG, Navar AM, Wang TY. Statin use and adverse effects among adults >75 years of age: insights from the patient and Provider. Assessment of Lipid Management (PALM) registry. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018;7(10):8546.
Eppler M, Singh N, Ding L, Magee G, Garg P. Discharge prescription patterns for antiplatelet and statin therapy following carotid endarterectomy: an analysis of the vascular quality initiative. BMJ Open. 2023;13(7):71550.
Balaha MF, Alamer AA, Kabel AM, Aldosari SA, Fatani S. A prospective cross-sectional study of acute coronary syndrome patients’ quality of life and drug prescription patterns at Riyadh Region Hospitals, Saudi Arabia. Healthcare. 2023;11(13):1973.
Ofori-Asenso R, Ilomäki J, Zomer E, Curtis AJ, Zoungas S, Liew D. A 10-year trend in statin use among older adults in Australia: an analysis using
national pharmacy claims data. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther. 2018;32(3):265-72.
Bellosta S, Corsini A. Statin drug interactions and related adverse reactions: an update. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2018;17(1):25-37.
Perdices EV, Medina-Cáliz I, Hernando S, et al. Hepatotoxicity associated with statin use: analysis of the cases included in the Spanish hepatotoxicity registry. Rev Esp Enferm Dig. 2014;106(4):246-54.
Wang X, Li J, Wang T. Associations between statins and adverse events in secondary prevention of cardiovascular disease: pairwise, network, and dose-response meta-analyses of 47 randomized controlled trials. Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022;9:929020.
Russo MW, Hoofnagle JH, Gu J, et al. Spectrum of statin hepatotoxicity: experience of the drug-induced liver injury network. Hepatology. 2014;60(2):679-86.
Joint Committee on the Chinese guidelines for lipid management. chinese guidelines for lipid management (2023). Chin Circ J. 2023;38(3):237-71.
Technology committee on dili prevention and management, Chinese medical biotechnology association; study group of drug-induced liver disease, Chinese medical association for the study of liver diseases. Chinese guideline for diagnosis and management of drug-induced liver injury (2023 version). Chin J Gastroenterol. 2023;28(7):397-431.
Jimenez-Serrania M-I, Treceño-Lobato C. Influence of concomitant treatments under anticoagulants and statins in detecting signals of adverse drug reactions. Semin Thromb Hemost. 2019;45(8):837-45.
Zhang XY, Zheng SB. Liver dysfunction caused by statins and its treatment strategy. Chin J New Drugs Clin Remedies. 2021;40(4):246-50.
Russo MW, Hoofnagle JH, Gu J. Spectrum of statin hepatotoxicity: experience of the drug-induced liver injury network. Hepatology. 2014;60 (2):679-86.
Gupta R, Alcantara R, Popli T. Myopathy associated with statins and SGLT2-A review of literature. Curr Probl Cardiol. 2021;46(4):100765.
Mohassel P, Mammen AL. Anti-HMGCR Myopathy. J Neuromuscul Dis. 2018;5(1):11-20.
Vinci P, Panizon E, Tosoni LM. Statin-associated myopathy: emphasis on mechanisms and targeted therapy. Int J Mol Sci. 2021;22(21):11687.
Mohassel P, Mammen AL. Anti-HMGCR Myopathy. J Neuromuscul Dis. 2018;5(1):11-20.
Montastruc JL. Rhabdomyolysis and statins: a pharmacovigilance comparative study between statins. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2023;89(8):2636-s8.
Vrablik M, Zlatohlavek L, Stulc T. Statin-associated myopathy: from genetic predisposition to clinical management. Physiol Res. 2014;63(3):S32-34.
Hougaard Christensen MM, Bruun Haastrup M, Øhlenschlaeger T. Interaction potential between clarithromycin and individual statins-A systematic review. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2020;126(4):307-17.
Straughan JL. Grapefruit-drug interactions. Cardiovasc J S Afr. 2007;18(1):39-40.
Dahan A, Altman H. Food-drug interaction: grapefruit juice augments drug bioavailability mechanism, extent and relevance. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2004;58(1):1-9.
Strandberg TE. Role of statin therapy in primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in elderly patients. Curr Atheroscler Rep. 2019;21(8):28.
Gharaibeh L, Al Zoubi S, Sartawi H, Ayyad D, Al-Hawamdeh M, Alrashdan R. The appropriateness of the use of statins for the secondary and primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study from Jordan. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2023;27 (12):5480-92.
Ming M. Disfunción Hepática y lesión muscular asociadas a estatinas. Dovepress. 2024. Avialable at: https://www.mayoclinic.org/es/appointments.
Malenda A, Skrobanska A, Issat T, Winiarska M, Bil J, Oleszczak B, et al. Statins impair glucose uptake in tumor cells. Neoplasias. 2012;14(4):311-23.
