Relationship between metabolic parameters and lifestyle factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a retrospective analysis

Abstract

Background: This study examined the correlation between metabolic biomarkers (e.g., fasting blood sugar, HbA1C, cholesterol, creatinine) and lifestyle factors (e.g., smoking, body weight, blood pressure) in pre-diabetes and diabetes patients. We wanted to find patterns that may affect metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease (CVD) in these populations.

Methods: A medical outpatient department patient and laboratory data was used in a retrospective cross-sectional study. FBS, PPBS, HbA1C, lipid profiles, creatinine levels, urine microalbumin, blood pressure, BMI, and risk factors like smoking were analysed using t-tests, ANOVA, and multivariate regression.

Results: The study found significant lipid abnormalities in diabetic individuals. Patients with diabetes had an average triglyceride level of 286.6 mg/dl. Low HDL levels (averaging 36.3±5.8 mg/dl) were also observed. We also had high LDL levels, which increase the risk of cardiovascular disease. The highest triglyceride (305.80 mg/dl) and VLDL (61.16 mg/dl) levels were found in participants aged 60-70. AIP, a key CVD risk marker, was high in older diabetics (0.80), indicating a strong link between age, dyslipidemia, and cardiovascular risk. Furthermore, smoking worsened these lipid irregularities. Males had higher triglycerides than females (p=0.036), but fasting blood sugar, HbA1C, and LDL did not differ.

Conclusions: Research shows a high prevalence of dyslipidemia in diabetics, characterized by elevated triglycerides, low HDL, and high LDL, all linked to increased CVD risk. Early detection and treatment of lipid issues are crucial, particularly for older adults and smokers, who are more prone to atherosclerotic events.