A baffling referral from dermatology- aleukemic leukemia cutis with literature review

Shruthi Swamy; Veerendra Angadi; Manjunath I. Nandennavar; Shashidhar V. Karpurmath

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20244159

Authors

Shruthi Swamy Department of Medical Oncology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
Veerendra Angadi Department of Medical Oncology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0538-4483
Manjunath I. Nandennavar Department of Medical Oncology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2360-4283
Shashidhar V. Karpurmath Department of Medical Oncology, Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences & Research Centre, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3988-2517

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20244159

Keywords:

Acute myeloid leukemia, Myeloid sarcoma, Aleukemic leukemia cutis

Abstract

Aleukemic leukemia cutis (ALC) is a rather uncommon condition that is characterized by leukemic cell invasion into the skin which primarily precedes the peripheral blood and marrow infiltration by leukemic cells. We present a 35-year-old male with maculopapular skin lesions with a normal bone marrow and peripheral smear. Skin lesions were positive for leukemic cells. Bone marrow infiltration was identified 1 month after the skin diagnosis which showed Acute Myeloid leukemia with Monocytic differentiation. The patient succumbed to tumor lysis syndrome before initiation of treatment. ALC portends a very poor prognosis. Prompt diagnosis with skin biopsy is essential to improve survival in ALC.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

LeBoit PE, McCmont TH. Cutaneous Lymphomas and Leukemias. In: Elder D, Elenitsas R, Jaworsky C, Johnson B Jr, editors. Lever's histopathology of the skin. 8 th ed. Lippincott-Raven: Philadelphia; 1997:805-44.

Joshi A, Patel A, Patel K. Myeloid sarcoma of prostate with urinary obstruction: An unusual presentation of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia in a child. Indian J Med Paediatr Oncol. 2005;26:40-2.

Vishalakshi V, Torsekar R G, Shinde S. Aleukemic leukemia cutis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2007;73:109-11.

Irene I, Chamseddine N, Chamseddine A. Aleukemic leukemia cutis presenting as a sole sign of acute myeloid leukemia. Clin Lymph Myel Leuk. 2019;19(1):203-4.

Baer MR, Barcos M, Farrell H. Acute myelogenous leukemia with leukemia cutis. Eighteen cases seen between 1969 and 1986. Cancer. 1989;63(11):2192–200.

Martinez-Leborans L, Victoria-Martinez AM, Torregrosa-Calatayud JL. Leukemia cutis: A report of17 cases and a review of the literature. Actas Dermosiﬁliogr. 2016;107:65-9.

Chang YW, Lee CH, Tseng HC. Leukemia cutis in a medical center in southern Taiwan: a retrospective study of 42 patients. J Formos Med Assoc. 2021;120:226-33.

Kang YS, Kim HS, Park HJ, et al. Clinical characteristics of 75 patients with leukemia cutis. J Korean Med Sci. 2013;28(4):614‐9.

Madakshira MG, Bishnoi A, De Dipankar, et al. Leukemia cutis: a study from a tertiary care hospital in North India. Indian J Dermatopathology and Diagnostic Derm. 2020;7(2):57-63.

Yonal I, Hindilerden F, Coskun R. Aleukemic leukemia cutis manifesting with disseminated nodular eruptions and a plaque preceding acute monocytic leukemia: a case report. Case Rep Oncol. 2011;4:547–54.