Attachment styles and depression among nursing officers of tertiary care centre in India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20250673Keywords:
Attachment style, Depression, Nursing officersAbstract
Background: The concept of attachment plays a relevant role in mental health. Attachment style refers to how a person perceives and experiences interpersonal relationships. There are various attachment styles or patterns through which an individual attaches or form relationships with others. Attachment has a persistent and long-term impact on depression. The main aim of the study is to assess the attachment styles and depression among nursing officers of tertiary care centre in India.
Methods: Descriptive research design was used. The study was conducted at all India institute of medical sciences (AIIMS), Jodhpur among 250 nursing officers selected by convenient sampling technique. Self-structured attachment style questionnaire was used to assess the attachment style and structured questionnaire centre for epidemiologic studies depression scale was used to assess the depression among nursing officers. Data analysis was done by using statistical package for social sciences-version 25 (SPSS-25). Frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi square test, Fisher exact test and Pearson correlation were used.
Results: Result revealed that out of 250, majority 213 (85.2%) nursing officers had secure attachment style. Majority 183 (73.2%) nursing officers were normal, showed no depression. Moderate negative correlation was there between secure attachment style and depression scores. Strong positive correlation was found between anxious attachment style and depression scores. There was moderate positive correlation between avoidant, fearful attachments and depression scores respectively.
Conclusions: The study indicates that majority of nursing officers were having secure attachment style and were normal, showed no depression. The study established a relationship between attachment style and depression.
Metrics
References
Hazan C, Shaver P. Romantic love conceptualized as an attachment process. J Personal Social Psychol. 1987;52(3):511-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1037//0022-3514.52.3.511
Montebarocci O, Codispoti M, Baldaro B, Rossi N. Adult attachment style and alexithymia. Personal Individual Diff. 2004;36(3):499-507. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(03)00110-7
Meyer B. Attachment style. Psychotherapy: Theory, Research, Practice, Training. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/2657528/Attachment_style. Accessed on 14 December 2024.
Norcross JC. Psychotherapy Relationships That Work. Oxford University Press. 2011 Available at: http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/view/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737208.001.0001/acprof-9780199737208. Accessed on 14 December 2024. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199737208.001.0001
McCarthy C. Attachment style predicts anxiety in undergraduates' romantic relationships. Indiana University Undergraduate J Cognitive Sci. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/1551704/Attachment_ style_predicts_anxiety_in_undergraduates_romantic_relationships. Accessed on 14 December 2024.
Lapsley DK, Varshney NM, Aalsma MC. Pathological attachment and attachment style in late adolescence. J Adolescence. 2000:23(2):137-55. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1006/jado.2000.0304
Fraley RC. A Brief Overview of Adult Attachment Theory and Research. Available at: http://labs.psychology.illinois.edu/~rcfraley/attachment.htm. Accessed on 14 December 2024.
Tolson T. Attachment Style and Relationships. Available at: https://www.academia.edu/8144657/ Attachment_Style_and_Relationships. Accessed on 14 December 2024.
Van Buren A, Cooley EL. Attachment styles, view of self and negative affect. N Am J Psychol. 2002;4(3):417-30.
Hamilton CE. Continuity and Discontinuity of Attachment from Infancy through Adolescence. Child Development. 2000;71(3):690-4. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00177
Nakash-Eisikovits O, Dutra L, Westen D. Relationship between attachment patterns and personality pathology in adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2002;41(9):1111-23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200209000-00012
Mikulincer M, Shaver PR. An attachment perspective on psychopathology. World Psychiatr. 2012;11(1):11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wpsyc.2012.01.003
Depression. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression. Accessed on 14 December 2024.
India is the most depressed country in the world - Education Today News. Available at: https://www.indiatoday.in/education-today/gk-current-affairs/story/india-is-the-most-depressed-country-in-the-world-mental-health-day-2018-1360096-2018-10-10. Accessed on 14 December 2024.
Depression in Let’ s talk. In 2017. WHO. Available at: https://www.who.int/southeastasia/news/events/ world-health-day/world-health-day-2017-depression-let-s-talk#:~:text=Popular%20topics&text=The%20 World%20Health%20Day%20this,to%20more%20people%20seeking%20help. Accessed on 3 October 2024.
Conradi HJ, Kamphuis JH, de Jonge P. Adult attachment predicts the seven-year course of recurrent depression in primary care. J Affect Disord. 2018;225:160-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2017.08.009
Palitsky D, Mota N, Afifi TO, Downs AC, Sareen J. The association between adult attachment style, mental disorders, and suicidality: findings from a population-based study. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2013;201(7):579-86. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/NMD.0b013e31829829ab
Kharsati N, Bhola P. Self-injurious behavior, emotion regulation, and attachment styles among college students in India. Ind Psychiatry J. 2016;25(1):23-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0972-6748.196049
Scheffold K, Philipp R, Koranyi S, Engelmann D, Schulz-Kindermann F, Härter M, et al. Insecure attachment predicts depression and death anxiety in advanced cancer patients. Palliative and Supportive Care. 2018;16(3):308-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1478951517000281
Gong Y, Han T, Yin X, Yang G, Zhuang R, Chen Y, et al. Prevalence of depressive symptoms and work-related risk factors among nurses in public hospitals in southern China: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep. 2014;4:7109. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/srep07109
Bhirange S. Prevalence of Low Mental Health Among Nurses in Medical Intensive Care Units. IJCMR. 2016;3(8):2444-8.
Brandford AA, Reed DB. Depression in Registered Nurses: A State of the Science. Workplace Health Saf. 2016;64(10):488-511. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/2165079916653415
Permuy B, Merino H, Fernandez-Rey J. Adult attachment styles and cognitive vulnerability to depression in a sample of undergraduate students: the mediational roles of sociotropy and autonomy. Int J Psychol. 2010;45(1):21-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00207590903165059
Liu Q, Nagata T, Shono M, Kitamura T. The effects of adult attachment and life stress on daily depression: A sample of Japanese university students. J Clin Psychol. 2009;65(7):639-52. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.20572
Shidhaye R, Gangale S, Patel V. Prevalence and treatment coverage for depression: a population-based survey in Vidarbha, India. Social Psychiatr Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2016;51(7):993-1003. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-016-1220-9
What You Should Know About Attachment Styles. Verywell Mind. Available at: https://www.verywellmind.com/attachment-styles-2795344. Accessed on 14 December 2024.
How Your Attachment Style Impacts Your Relationship. Psychology Today. Available at: http://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/compassion-matters/201307/how-your-attachment-style-impacts-your-relationship. Accessed on 14 December 2024.
Radloff LS. The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population. Applied Psychological Measurement. 2016;1(3):385-401. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/014662167700100306
Moghadam M, Rezaei F, Ghaderi E, Rostamian N. Relationship between attachment styles and happiness in medical students. J Family Med Prim Care. 2016;5(3):593-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2249-4863.197314
Ng SM, Hou WK. Contentment Duration Mediates the Associations between Anxious Attachment Style and Psychological Distress. Front Psychol. 2017;8:258. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00258
Suzuki H, Tomoda A. Roles of attachment and self-esteem: impact of early life stress on depressive symptoms among Japanese institutionalized children. BMC Psychiatr. 2015;15(1):1-11. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-015-0385-1