Study and compare the echocardiographic changes in anaemic and non-anaemic pregnant women

Dhivya G.; Suparna Grover; Ajay Chhabra; Shreeji Goyal

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20250245

Authors

Dhivya G. Department of Obstetrics and gynaecology, Government Medical college, Amritsar, Punjab, India
Suparna Grover Department of Obstetrics and gynaecology, Government Medical college, Amritsar, Punjab, India
Ajay Chhabra Department of Medicine, Government Medical college, Amritsar, Punjab, India
Shreeji Goyal Department of Obstetrics and gynaecology, Government Medical college, Amritsar, Punjab, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20250245

Keywords:

Anaemia, Echocardiography, E/A ratio, E/e’, LVEDD, LVESD, PWTd, Pregnancy, SWTd

Abstract

Background: AIM: To determine the effect of moderate to severe anaemia on the cardiovascular system of pregnant women. To compare the systolic function and diastolic function among pregnant women with moderate-severe anaemia with that of uncomplicated non-anaemic pregnant women.

Methods: 30-pregnant normotensive women with moderate-severe anaemia were recruited as cases(Group A) and the controls(Group B) were 30 normotensive non-anaemic pregnant women all in 3rd trimester (26-40weeks gestation). After written informed consent, every participant underwent a 2D-transthoracic echocardiography. The parameters measured were 1) LVEDD, 2) LVESD), 3) SWTd, 4) PWTd, 5) EF 6) E/e’ and E/A ratio.

Results: Mean Hb of group A participants was 7.47±1.06 g% and that of group B was 11.31±1.21 g%. Mean LVEDD of group A (4.393±0.154 cm) was higher than the group B (3.977±0.177 cm), with p value (0.0010) being statistically significant. The mean of SWTd among the group A was 1.28±0.265 cm and in group B was 1.139±0.538 cm, but their difference was not statistically significant (p value 0.2030). PWTd was significantly increased in group A (1.32±0.589 cm) than the controls (1.07±0.244 cm) with p value:0.0359. EF and Fractional shortening did not have significant difference among the two groups. The mean value of E/e’ among group A & B were, 7.42±2.1 & 7.9±2.4 respectively and the difference is not statistically significant (p value 0.4131). The E/A ratio, being an indicator of diastolic function, was higher in the cases (1.622±0.518 & 1.369±0.323 in group A & B respectively) and the difference was statistically significant (p value: 0.0269).

Conclusions: LVEDD, LVESD and PWTd are all significantly increased amongst pregnant women with moderate-severe anaemia compared to pregnant women with Hb≥10g/dl. E/A ratio suggestive of diastolic dysfunction is also increased in pregnant women with anaemia but systolic functions are not affected as indicated by EF and fractional shortening.

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