Antihyperlipidemic and cardioprotective effects of n-hexane extract of Terminalia catappa nuts in hyperlipidaemic and hyperglycemic Wister rats

Nimisoere P. Batubo; Edith Reuben; Boma H. Opusunju; Ojeka Sunday Ogbu; Dapper Datonye Victor

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20250234

Authors

Nimisoere P. Batubo Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Edith Reuben Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Boma H. Opusunju Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medical Sciences, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Ojeka Sunday Ogbu Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
Dapper Datonye Victor Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt, Choba, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20250234

Keywords:

Terminalia catappa nut, Wistar albino rats, Dyslipidaemia, Hyperlipidaemia, Lipid profile, n-Hexane extract, Cardiometabolic disease, Cardioprotective

Abstract

Background: Dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus are significant risk factors for cardiometabolic disease. This study evaluates the lipid-lowering and cardioprotective effects of the n-hexane extract of Terminalia catappa nuts (TCN) in hyperlipidaemic and hyperglycaemic Wistar rats.

Methods: Wistar rats were divided into two groups: negative control and induced groups. The induced group was further subdivided into positive control, standard drug-treated, and TCN-treated groups with 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg/day for six weeks. Serum lipid profiles were assessed using standard biochemical methods after 42 days of treatment with TCN. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test for multiple comparisons, with significance set at p<0.05.

Results: The untreated positive control group exhibited significant elevations in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels, alongside reductions in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels (p<0.05). Treatment with TCN at 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg significantly improved lipid profiles, with reductions in TC, TG, and LDL (p<0.001) and an increase in HDL (p<0.001) compared to the positive control group. At 800 mg/kg, the most substantial improvements were observed. Similarly, TCN treatment significantly reduced atherogenic indices, including the atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), atherogenic coefficient (AC), and Castelli risk indices I (CRI-I) and II (CRI-II). Improvements were dose-dependent, with the greatest reductions at 400 mg/kg and 800 mg/kg doses (p<0.001).

Conclusions: Terminalia catappa nuts demonstrates significant lipid-lowering and cardioprotective effects in hyperlipidaemic and hyperglycaemic conditions, supporting its potential as a natural therapeutic for managing cardiovascular risks and metabolic syndrome.

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References

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