Molecular characterization and prevalence study of stomach ulcer using standard techniques at Nnewi north local government area, Anambra state

Uche F. Onwuasoanya; Chinelo U. Umedum; Ogochukwu M. T. B. Inwelegbu; Ebele P. Nwachukwu; Patricia A. Egbe; Justina C. Akulue

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20251624

Authors

Uche F. Onwuasoanya Department of Medical Microbiology and Public Health, Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka (Nnewi Campus), Anambra State, Nigeria
Chinelo U. Umedum Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Health Sciences and Technology, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Igbariam Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
Ogochukwu M. T. B. Inwelegbu Department of Medical Microbiology and Public Health, Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka (Nnewi Campus), Anambra State, Nigeria
Ebele P. Nwachukwu Department of Chemical Pathology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University Teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria
Patricia A. Egbe Department of Microbiology, Natural Sciences, Chukwuemeka Odumegwu Ojukwu University, Uli Campus, Anambra State, Nigeria
Justina C. Akulue Department of Medical Microbiology and Public Health, Medical Laboratory Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka (Nnewi Campus), Anambra State, Nigeria

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20251624

Keywords:

Diagnosis, Helicobacter pylori, Prevalence, ELISA, Culture, Molecular characterization, Stool antigen test, Stomach ulcer, Blood antibody test

Abstract

Background: Abnormality in one part of the body is capable of generating pandemonium in all body parts, which interferes with the normal body physiology and standard of living. This study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence of stomach ulcer using standard techniques at Nnewi North Local Government Area, Anambra State.

Methods: Four hundred (400) samples were aseptically collected from participants using a well-capped sterile container and analyzed for the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) using immunochromatographic assay for Stool Antigen Test (SAT) and Blood Antibody Test (BAT), Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay ELISA for gamma Immunoglobulin (IgG) and mu immunoglobulin (IgM)], conventional culture technique on selective Columbia blood agar base plus antibiotic and Vitalex growth supplement (Oxoid, England) was used for isolation of H. pylori. The bacterial isolate was characterized based on cultural, morphological, biochemical, and molecular characteristics [Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)].

Results: The highest number of H. pylori was detected using ELISA technique at Otolo community 48 (24.0 %)] followed by culture technique (CT) at Umudim community [32(16.0 %), while the least was SAT at Otolo community 2 (1.0 %). Molecular characterization revealed certain strains of H. pylori such as H. pylori strain K154 (HPK154) complete genome, Helicobacter pylori strain BS07 (HPBS07) complete genome, Helicobacter pylori strain K93 (HPK93) complete genome, and Helicobacter pylori strain K115 (HPK115) complete genome.

Conclusions: Therefore, the prevalence of stomach ulcer in the sampled communities is high, especially at Otolo community, while ELISA proved to be the best diagnosing technique for accurate detection of Helicobacter pylori.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Alfarouk KO, Bashir AHH, Aljarbou AN, Ramadan AM, Muddathir AK, AlHoufie STS, et al. The possible role of Helicobacter pylori in gastric cancer and its management. Front Oncol. 2019;9:75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fonc.2019.00075

Cardos AI, Maghiar A, Zaha DC, Pop O, Fritea L, Miere Groza F, et al. Evolution of diagnostic methods for Helicobacter pylori infections: from traditional tests to high technology, advanced sensitivity and discrimination tools. Diagnostics (Basel). 2022;12(2):508. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12020508

Borka Balas R, Meliț LE, Mărginean CO. Worldwide Prevalence and Risk Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection in Children. Children (Basel). 2022;9(9):1359. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/children9091359

Che TH, Nguyen TC, Vu VNT, Nguyen HT, Hoang DTP, Ngo XM, et al. Factors associated with Helicobacter Pylori infection among school-aged children from a high prevalence area in Vietnam. Int J Public Health. 2023;68:1605908. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/ijph.2023.1605908

Narayanan M, Reddy KM, Marsicano E. Peptic ulcer disease and Helicobacter pylori infection. Mo Med. 2018;115(3):219-24.

Chukwuma OM, Chukwuma GO, Manafa PO, Akulue JC, Jeremiah ZA. Prevalence and possible risk factors for helicobacter Pylori seropositivity among peptic ulcerative individuals in Nnewi Nigeria. Biomedical Res J. 2020;4(1):166–72.

Liang B, Yuan Y, Peng XJ, Liu XL, Hu XK, Xing DM. Current and future perspectives for Helicobacter pylori treatment and management: From antibiotics to probiotics. Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2022;12:1042070. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.1042070

Abadi TB. Diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori Using Invasive and Noninvasive Approaches. J Pathog. 2018;2:9064952. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/9064952

Aitila P, Mutyaba M, Okeny S, Ndawula Kasule M, Kasule R, Ssedyabane F, et al. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Helicobacter pylori Infection among Children Aged 1 to 15 Years at Holy Innocents Children's Hospital, Mbarara, South Western Uganda. J Trop Med. 2019;1:9303072. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9303072

Cheesbrough M. District Laboratory Practice in Tropical Countries (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, England. 2010: 45–70.

Iheukwumere IH, Chude C, Unaeze BC. Toxicological study and antibacterial activities of effectively validated medicinal plants against enteric bacteria isolated from chicken Feeds. J Health Med. Nurs. 2018;7:19–34.

Chukwuma O, Chukwuma G, Manafa P, Ibeh N, Jeremiah Z. Prevalence and possible risk factors for Helicobacter pylori seropositivity among peptic ulcerative individuals in Nnewi Nigeria. J Current Biomed. Res. 2021;1(1):39–45.

Elbehiry A, Marzouk E, Aldubaib M, Abalkhail A, Anagreyyah S, Anajirih N, et al. Helicobacter pylori Infection: current status and future prospects on diagnostic, therapeutic and control challenges. Antibiotics (Basel). 2023;12(2):191. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020191

Nwachukwu EP, Onwurah OW, Amilo GI, Onwuasoanya UF, Ezeugwunne IP. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori among patients with gastritis attending Nnamdi Azikiwe university teaching Hospital, Nnewi, Anambra State, Nigeria. Ann Current Gastroenterol Report. 2020;1(1):1003.

Peleteiro B, Bastos A, Ferro A, Lunet N. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection worldwide: a systematic review of studies with national coverage. Dig Dis Sci. 2014;59(8):1698-709. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-014-3063-0