Perception and compliance to COVID-19 vaccine uptake among public transport users in Kiambu county

Dorothy Kamene Kimeu; John P. Oyore; Mary Gitahi

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20260224

Authors

Dorothy Kamene Kimeu Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Kenyatta University, Kenya
John P. Oyore Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Kenyatta University, Kenya
Mary Gitahi Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Kenyatta University, Kenya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20260224

Keywords:

Epidemic, Pandemic, Case fatality rate, Outbreak, Risk perception

Abstract

Background: The COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in 2020 and has so far affected 231 countries, causing over 700 million infections and approximately 7 million fatalities globally. The disease created a heavy burden and disorganized healthcare systems worldwide, with more serious pressure being felt in the African developing countries. Covid’s effects were felt at all levels of society, with serious implications for social, economic, educational, political, and human security. Since there is no known cure for COVID-19, creating immunity is key to prevent future morbidities and fatalities, through vaccination.

Methods: A cross-sectional study design to collect data from public transport users. Dependent variable was COVID-19 vaccine uptake, influenced by knowledge, perception, contextual, and socio-demographic factors. Kiambu County was selected purposively. Study population comprised consenting adults using public transport users. A multi-stage sampling approach was used where Kiambu County was first purposively selected, followed by simple random sampling of three sub-counties. Finally, simple random sampling of individual respondents. Data was collected through questionnaires, with 311 questionnaires being analyzed using SPSS 26.0 software.

Results: The proportion of public transport users who received the first dose of COVID-19 vaccine is 69.77% males and 30.23% females. Overall, 62.7% of the respondents complied with the first dose of the COVID-19. Overall, 23.15% of the total respondents complied to the complete COVID-19 vaccine uptake.

Conclusions: The findings showed a slightly lower average second-dose vaccination rate among males and a general decline in vaccination uptake among older age groups.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

WHO. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak, 2020. Available at https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novelcoronavirus-2019. Accessed on 28 January 2026.

Africa CDC. COVID-19 daily update, 2023. Available at: https://africacdc.org/covid-19/. Accessed on 28 January 2026.

Ministry of Health Kenya. COVID-19 situation report, 2024. Available at: https://www.health.go.ke/. Accessed on 28 January 2026.

Ochola EA. Vaccine Hesitancy in Sub-Saharan Africa in the Context of COVID-19 Vaccination Exercise: A Systematic Review. Diseases. 2023;11(1):32. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases11010032

Lee KW, Gew LT, Siau CS, Peh SC, Chia YC, Yacob S, et al. COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and its associated factors in Malaysia. PLoS One. 2022;17:e0266925. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266925

Lin XQ, Zhang MX, Chen Y, Xue JJ, Chen HD, Tung TH, et al. Relationship between knowledge, attitudes, and practices and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy: a cross-sectional study in Taizhou, China. Front Med. 2022;9:770933. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.770933

Orangi S, Pinchoff J, Mwanga D, Abuya T, Hamaluba M, Warimwe G, et al. Assessing the level and determinants of COVID-19 vaccine confidence in Kenya. medRxiv. 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.11.21258775

Nwagbara UI, Osual EC, Chireshe R, Bolarinwa OA, Saeed BQ, Khuzwayo N, et al. Knowledge, attitude, perception and preventative practices towards COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0249853.

Zubairu SA, Simeon JO, Tosin JO. Analysis and understanding the progress, trend and consequences of COVID-19 pandemic over a seven-day period across different countries of the world. Int J Adv Eng Manag. 2022;4:1588-98.

Nwagbara UI, Osual EC, Chireshe R, Bolarinwa OA, Saeed BQ, Khuzwayo N, et al. Knowledge, attitude, perception and preventative practices towards COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0249853.

Nwagbara UI, Osual EC, Chireshe R, Bolarinwa OA, Saeed BQ, Khuzwayo N, et al. Knowledge, attitude, perception and preventative practices towards COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review. PLoS One 2021;16:e0249853.

Nwagbara UI, Osual EC, Chireshe R, Bolarinwa OA, Saeed BQ, Khuzwayo N, et al. Knowledge, attitude, perception and preventative practices towards COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0249853.

Nwagbara UI, Osual EC, Chireshe R, Bolarinwa OA, Saeed BQ, Khuzwayo N, et al. Knowledge, attitude, perception and preventative practices towards COVID-19 in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review. PLoS One. 2021;16:e0249853. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249853

Karijo E, Wamugi S, Lemanyishoe S, Njuki J, Boit F, Kibui V, et al. Knowledge, attitudes, practices and the effects of COVID-19 among youth in Kenya. BMC Public Health. 2021;21:1020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-11067-2

Stoler J, Klofstad CA, Enders AM, Uscinski JE. Sociopolitical and psychological correlates of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in the United States during summer 2021. Soc Sci Med. 2022;306:115112. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115112

Green MS, Abdullah R, Vered S, Nitzan D. A study of ethnic, gender and educational differences in attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines in Israel: implications for vaccination implementation policies. Isr J Health Policy Res. 2021;10:1-12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s13584-021-00458-w