Punjab breathes better: yoga’s role in mental health revolutions
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20260384Keywords:
Depression, Anxiety, Stress, Insomnia, Yoga, CM di Yogshala(CMDY), GRAUAbstract
Background: Due to exhausting fast pace of life, stress has become an integral part of our lives. It further leads to various physical and psychiatric disorders. Contrarily Yoga has been proven to be beneficial in improving our overall health. Doing a non-psychopharmacological intervention like Yoga alone in people have stress, depression, anxiety and insomnia in Mohali having ‘C.M di Yogshala (CMDY)’ initiative. CMDY is being run by the Guru Ravidas Ayurveda University, Hoshiarpur (GRAU), Govt of Punjab. To see the efficacy of Yoga in people coming to CMDY in Mohali having stress, depression, anxiety and insomnia.
Methods: 120 individuals suffering from depression, anxiety, stress and insomnia were consecutively enrolled in study from Mohali having CMDY. DASS-21 (21 itemed depression, anxiety and stress scale) was applied to diagnose depression, anxiety and stress. To diagnose insomnia, Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) was used. To further confirm diagnosis of depression, anxiety and insomnia, International Classification of Diseases 10th edition for mental health and behavioral disorders (ICD-10) was used. For confirming stress, serum cortisol levels were analyzed. Above mentioned scales were applied at baseline and at 3 months after intervention is over. Yogic intervention was provided by trained Yoga instructors daily for 1 hour for 3 months. Data was analyzed statistically on SPSS-22.0.
Results: 16 individuals out of 120 dropped out. 104 individuals followed back till the end of the study. There was significant reduction in DASS-21 score after 3 months of yoga. Serum cortisol levels also decreased from baseline after 3 months.
Conclusion: This study concluded that yoga reduces severity of depression, anxiety and stress.
Metrics
References
World Health Organization. Stress. Geneva: WHO; 2023. Available at https://www.who.int/news-room/questions-and-answers/item/stress. Accessed on 14th May 2023.
Tsigos C, Chrousos GP. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, neuroendocrine factors and stress. J Psychosom Res. 2002;53:865–71.
Smith SM, Vale WW. The role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in neuroendocrine responses to stress. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2006;8(4):383-95.
Salleh MR. Life event, stress and illness. Malays J Med Sci. 2008;15(4):9-18.
Barnes PM, Powell-Griner E, McFann K, Nahin RL. Complementary and alternative medicine use among adults: United States, 2002. Adv Data. 2004:1–19.
Bridges L, Sharma M. The Efficacy of Yoga as a Form of Treatment for Depression. J Evid Based Complementary Altern Med. 2017;22(4):17-1028.
Cramer H, Lauche R, Anheyer D, Pilkington K, de Manincor M, Dobos G, Ward L. Yoga for anxiety: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Depress Anxiety. 2018;35(9):830-843.
Bankar MA, Chaudhari SK, Chaudhari KD. Impact of long term Yoga practice on sleep quality and quality of life in the elderly. J Ayurveda Integr Med. 2013;4(1):28-32.
Khalsa SB. Treatment of chronic insomnia with yoga: a preliminary study with sleep-wake diaries. Appl Psychophysiol Biofeedback. 2004;29(4):269-78.
Lovibond SH. Manual for the depression anxiety stress scales. Sydney psychology foundation. 1995.
Thiyagarajan A, James TG, Marzo RR. Psychometric properties of the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) among Malaysians during COVID-19: a methodological study. Humanit Soc Sci Commun. 2022;9(1):220.
Gonzalo LJ, Moreno RR, Chapparo MSP, Alperto LG, Caballero SB, Olazaran J, et al. Psychometric properties of Insomnia Severity Scale in a sample of family dementia caregivers. Sleep Medi. 2021;82:65-70.
Chakrabarty BK, Sud K, Ganguli P, Khan SA. Assessment of early morning serum cortisol levels in adult male patients with alcohol-related disorders. Med J Armed Forces India. 2022;78(1):47-53.
Government of Punjab. CM Di Yogshala: Avail Free Yoga Classes. Punjab: Government of Punjab; 2023. Available at: https://cmdiyogshala.punjab.gov.in. Accessed on 28 May 2023.
Rane A, Nadkarni A. Suicide in India: a systematic review. Shanghai Arch Psych. 2014;26(2):69-80.
McKenzie SK, Oliffe JL, Black A, Collings S. Men's Experiences of Mental Illness Stigma Across the Lifespan: A Scoping Review. Am J Mens Health. 2022;16(1):15579883221074789
Shohani M, Badfar G, Nasirkandy MP, Kaikhavani S, Rahmati S, Modmeli Y, Soleymani A, Azami M. The Effect of Yoga on Stress, Anxiety, and Depression in Women. Int J Prev Med. 2018;9:21.
Büssing A, Hedtstück A, Khalsa SB, Ostermann T, Heusser P. Development of Specific Aspects of Spirituality during a 6-Month Intensive Yoga Practice. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2:981523.
Schleinzer A, Moosburner A, Anheyer D, Burgahn L, Cramer H. Effects of yoga on stress in stressed adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Psych. 2024;15:1437902.
Elias AN, Guich S, Wilson AF. Ketosis with enhanced GABAergic tone promotes physiological changes in transcendental meditation. Med Hypotheses. 2000;54(4):660-2.
Krishnakumar D, Hamblin MR, Lakshmanan S. Meditation and Yoga can Modulate Brain Mechanisms that affect Behavior and Anxiety-A Modern Scientific Perspective. Anc Sci. 2015;2(1):13-19.
Desai R, Tailor A, Bhatt T. Effects of yoga on brain waves and structural activation: A review. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2015;21(2):112-8.
Malhotra V, Hulke SM, Bharshankar R, Chouhan S, Ravi N, Patrick KP. Effect of Slow and Deep Breathing on Brain Waves in Regular Yoga Practitioners. Mymensingh Med J. 2021;30(4):1163-7.
Villemure C, Čeko M, Cotton VA, Bushnell MC. Neuroprotective effects of yoga practice: age-, experience-, and frequency-dependent plasticity. Front Hum Neurosci. 2015;9:281.
Kang DH, Jo HJ, Jung WH, Kim SH, Jung YH, Choi CH, Lee US, An SC, Jang JH, Kwon JS. The effect of meditation on brain structure: cortical thickness mapping and diffusion tensor imaging. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2013;8(1):27-33.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
