Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus co-infection in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients at a tertiary care hospital in South India

Authors

  • C. Siva Kalyani Department of Microbiology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
  • N. Lakshmi Department of Microbiology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
  • Koripella Rama Lakshmi Department of Microbiology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
  • V. Ashok Kumar Department of Microbiology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
  • Sulakshana Sony Cheemala Department of Microbiology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20150324

Keywords:

Human immunodeficiency virus, Co-infection, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C Virus, Seroprevalence

Abstract

Background: About one third of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients are co infected with either hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) as the three viruses have similar routes of transmission that is through transfusion of blood and blood products, sharing of needles to inject drugs and unprotected sexual activity. The survival of HIV infected patients has been markedly improved with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However several studies showed that the liver diseases caused by HBV or HCV have emerged as one of the leading causes of non AIDS related deaths in HIV patients. The objective of this work was to study the prevalence of HBV & HCV co-infection in HIV infected patients at a Tertiary care centre in South India.

Methods: The study group includes 100 HIV seropositive individuals confirmed by three rapid tests as per NACO (National AIDS Control Organization) guidelines in ICTC (Integrated Counseling and Testing Centre), Department of Microbiology, Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India. Age and sex matched 100 HIV seronegative individuals were also included in the study as controls. Both the groups were screened for detection of HBV and HCV markers by one rapid test and a solid phase enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (sandwich ELISA).

Results: Out of 100 HIV positive patients in the study group 12(12%) were co infected with HBV and 2(2%) were co infected with HCV. Out of 12 HIV and HBV co infected patients 7(58.3%) were females and 5(41.7%) were males. The HIV &HCV co infected patients were both females. Co infection of HBV & HCV with HIV was found to be 0(0%). Co infection was most commonly seen in the age group 31-40 years followed by 21 – 39 years. In the control group out of 100 HIV negative individuals, 1(1%) was infected with HBV infection.

Conclusions: The routine screening of HBV and HCV should be mandatory for HIV infected patients, as there is more chance of co infection with these Hepatitis viruses due to enhanced immunodeficiency by HIV and similar routes of transmission. Clear National policies should be established which should include clear economic and health care strategies to improve quality of living conditions, education and easy access to health care facilities.

 

References

Saravanan S, Velu V, Kumarsamy N, Nanda Kumar S, Murugavel KG, Balakrishnan P, et al co infection of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus in HIV infected Patients in south India. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13:5015-20.

Ahuja S, Malhotra S, Chauhan A, Hans C. Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B and C Co infection in HIV Positive Patients from a Tertiary Care Hospital. JIMSA. 2013;26(2).

Daw MA. Transmission of Hepatitis C Virus. In: Oumaima stambouli (Eds). Hepatitis c virus: molecular pathways and treatments. OMICS group, bevada, USA, 2014.

Guptha S, Singh S. Occult hepatitis B virus infection in ART-naïve-HIV-co-infected patients seen at tertiary care centre in north India. BMC infect dis. 2010;10:53.

Soriano V, Vispo E, Lambaraga P, Medrano J, Barrierio P. Viral Hepatitis and HIV coinfection. Antiviral Res. 2010:85:303-15.

Mohammed M, Talel G, Sheikhian A, Ebrahimzade F, Pournia Y, Ghasemal E, et al. survey of both Hepatits B virus (HbsAg) and hepatitis C virus(HCV-Ab) co-infection among HIV positive patients. Virology journal. 2009;6:202.

Chandra N, Joshi N, Raju YSN, Kumar A, Teja VD. Hepatitis B and /or co – infection in HIV infected patients: A study in a tertiary care centre from South India. Indian J Med Res. 2013;138:950-4.

Alter MJ. Epidemiology of Viral hepatitis and co infection J Hepatol. 2006;44(suppl 1):S6-9.

Mocroft A, Monforte A, Krik O, Jhonson MA, Friis-Moller N, Banhegyi D, et al. Decline in AIDS and death rates in Euro SIDA study; an observational study. Lancet. 2003;362:22-9.

Thio CL. Hepatitis B Human Immunodeficiency virus coinfection. Hepatology. 2009:49;138-45.

HIV and Viral Hepatitis CDC guidelines-2014.

Solange zacalusni FREITAS (1), sheila Araujo TELES (2) et al: HIV and HCV coinfection: prevalence, associated factors and genotype characterization in the Midwest region of BRAZIL. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo. 56(6):517-524.

Soto B, Sanchez Quijano A, Rodrigo L, Del Olmo JA,Garcia–Bengochea M, Hernandez-Quero J.Human Immuno deficiency virus infection modifies the natural history of chronic parentally acquired hepatits C with an unusually rapid progression to cirrhosis J hepatol. 1997;26:1-5.

Vallet pichard A, Pol S. Natural history and predictors of severity of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immune-deficiency virus (HIV) coinfection. J hepatol. 2006;44:528-34.

India has 3rd highest number of HIV infected people: UN: www.The Hindu.com > s&T> health updates July 17:2014.

NACO guidelines – 2013.

Jain M, Chakravarthi A, Verna V, Bhalla P. Seroprevalence of Hepatits virus in Patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Indian J Pathol Microbiol. 2009;52:17-9.

Adewole OO, Anteyi E, Ajuwon Z, Wada I, et al. Hepatitis B and C virus Co-infection in Nigerian Patients with HIV infection. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2009;3(5):369-75.

Martins S, do Livramento A, Andrigueti M, et al. The prevalence of hepatitis b virus infection markers and socio-demographic risk factors in HIV-infected patients in southern Brazil. Revista da sociedade Brasilia de medicine tropical. 2014;47(5):552-8.

Daw MA, Shabash A, El-Bouzedi A, Dau AA. In association with the Libyan Study Group Of Hepatitis & HIV. Seroprevalence of HBV, HCV&HIV co-infection and risk factors analysis in tripoli-libya. Plos One. 2014;9(6):e98793.

Delfraissy JF. Hope for the eradication of HCV worldwide. Liver Int. 2012;33(suppl 1):198-9.

Grebley J, Oser M, Taylor LE, Dore GJ. Breaking down the barriers to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment among individuals with HCV/HIV coinfection: action required at the system provider and patient levels. J Infect diseases. 2013;207(suppl 1);S19-25.

Soriano V, Vispo E, Fernandez-Montero JV, Labarga p, Barriero P. Update on HIV/HCV coinfection. Curr HIV/AIDS rep. 2013;10:226-34.

Tankhiwale SS, Khadase RK, JalgaonkarSV. Seroprevalance of anti HCV and hepatits B surface antigen in HIV infected patients. Indian J Med Microbiol. 2003;21:268-70.

Tankhiwale AK, Khanna M, Gupta N, Chandra M. Low prevalance of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis c virus co-infection in patients with immunodeficiency virus in northern India. Journal association physician India. 2007;55:429-31.

Saravanan S, Velu V, KumarsamyN, Nanda Kumar S, Murugavel KG, Balakrishnan P, et al co infection of Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C virus in HIV infected Patients in south India. World J Gastroenterol. 2007;13:5015-20.

Ahsan SM, Mehta PR. HIV, HBV and HCV coinfection study. Bombay Hospital J. 2002;3:5-7.

Downloads

Published

2017-01-10

How to Cite

Kalyani, C. S., Lakshmi, N., Lakshmi, K. R., Kumar, V. A., & Cheemala, S. S. (2017). Seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus and hepatitis C virus co-infection in human immunodeficiency virus infected patients at a tertiary care hospital in South India. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 3(8), 2041–2045. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20150324

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles