Oxidative stress and antioxidant imbalance in chronic renal failure: relationship with serum creatinine and selenium levels
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20261680Keywords:
Serum creatinine, Selenium, Superoxide dismutase, Antioxidant enzymes, Chronic renal failure, Glutathione peroxidase, Oxidative stressAbstract
Background: Chronic renal failure (CRF) is marked by progressive renal dysfunction and enhanced oxidative stress, contributing to cellular injury and disease progression. This study aimed to assess oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activities, and serum selenium levels in CRF patients and explore their relationship with renal function indices.
Methods: A cross-sectional case-control study was conducted on 46 patients with different degrees of CRF and 16 age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Renal function was assessed by serum creatinine, creatinine clearance, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). Serum lipid peroxidation (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and selenium levels were estimated using standard biochemical methods. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Pearson’s correlation.
Results: Serum creatinine increased progressively from 0.93±0.21 mg/dl in controls to 7.82±1.51 mg/dl in severe CRF (p<0.001). Lipid peroxidation was significantly elevated in all CRF groups (14.2-15.9 nm MDA/ml vs. 5.1±1.1 nm MDA/ml, p<0.01). SOD (2.2-2.8 IU/mg protein) and catalase (2.5-3.0 IU/mg protein) activities were significantly higher than controls (1.5 IU/mg protein; p<0.05), indicating compensatory antioxidant upregulation. Glutathione peroxidase and selenium levels showed mild, nonsignificant reductions (p>0.05). No significant correlations were observed between serum creatinine and oxidative or antioxidant parameters.
Conclusions: CRF is associated with sustained oxidative stress and adaptive elevation of SOD and CAT, alongside declining selenium and glutathione peroxidase activity. Persistent redox imbalance likely contributes to renal injury, underscoring the need for antioxidant-focused management in CRF.
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