Horseshoe kidney – a case report

Authors

  • Ephraim Vikram Rao Department of Anatomy, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana-500058
  • Sadanand Battula Department of Anatomy, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana-500058

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20150342

Keywords:

Horseshoe kidney, Abdominal aorta, Parenchymatous isthmus

Abstract

Horseshoe kidney is a rare non-fatal congenital malformation of renal development. It usually remains asymptomatic and in many cases it is discovered incidentally. This anomaly is found twice as often in men than in women. The present report, horseshoe kidney was discovered in 62-year-old male cadaver during routine dissection. The inferior poles of the kidneys were fused to form a parenchymatous isthmus, resulting in a horseshoe kidney. The horseshoe kidney was located anterior to the abdominal aorta and the inferior vena cava at a level lower than the normal kidney. Both renal hila were directed anteriorly and the ureters which drained from each renal pelvis descended anterior to the isthmus to enter the urinary bladder normally. There were 3 renal arteries, 1 on the right and 2 on the left. The inferior vena cava was behind the isthmus and the lower pole of the right kidney. Two renal veins opened independently into the inferior vena cava. It is important to be aware of this renal anomaly in clinical practice, especially during renal surgeries, renal transplants, or surgical and endovascular procedures on the aorta.

References

Yoshinaga K, Kodama K, Tanii İ, Toshimori K. Morphological study of a horseshoe kidney with special reference to the vascular system. Anat Sci Int. 2002;77:134–9.

Bordei P, Antohe DS, Iliescu D, Sapte E. Horseshoe kidney’ in an ectopic position. A case report. Surg Radiol Anat. 2003;25:345–9.

Domenech-Mateu JM, Gonzalez-Compta X. Horseshoe kidney: a new theory on its embryogenesis based on the study of a 16-mm human embryo. Anat Rec. 1988;222:408– 17.

Moore KL. Clinically Oriented Anatomy, ed 3, Baltimore, Williams & Wilkins, 1992; 223.

Basar H, Basar R, Basar MM, Erbil M. The comparison of the incidence of horseshoe kidney in autopsy cases versus urologic patient population. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 1999;76(2-3):137-9.

Glodny B, Petersen J, Hofmann KJ, Schenk C, Herwig R, Trieb T, et al. Kidney fusion anomalies revisited: clinical and radiological analysis of 209 cases of crossed fused ectopia and horseshoe kidney. BJU Int. 2009;103(2):224-35.

Nakamura Y, Yi SQ, Iimura A, Terayama H, Naito M, Itoh M. Morphological observation of the horseshoe kidney with special reference to the vascular system in 2 Japanese cadavers. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 2005;82(3):89-94.

Pitts WR Jr, Muecke EC. Horseshoe kidneys: a 40-year experience. J Urol. 1975;113(6):743-6.

Boatman DL, Kölln CP, Flocks RH. Congenital anomalies associated with horseshoe kidney. J Urol. 1972;107(2):205-7.

Stroosma OB, Schurink GW, Smits JM, Kootstra G. Transplanting horseshoe kidneys: a worldwide survey. J Urol. 2001;166(6):2039-42.

Barakat Ay, Awazu M, Fleisher AC. Antenatal diagnosis of renal abnormalities: A review of the state of the art. South Med J. 1989;82:229.

Sadler TW. Langman’s Medical Embryology. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2004;321-33.

Boatman DL, Cornell SH, Kölln CP. The arterial supply of horseshoe kidneys. Am J Roentgenol Radium Ther Nucl Med. 1971;113(3):447-51.

Wilson C, Azmy AF. Horseshoe kidney in children. Br J Urol. 1986;58:361–3.

Glenn JF. Analysis of 51 patients with horseshoe kidney. N Engl J Med 1959; 261: 684-687.

Pitts WR, Muecke EC. Horseshoe kidney: a 40 year experience. J Urol. 1975;113:743-6.

Eimer C, Betz D, Otto T. Successful transureteropyelostomy after heminephrectomy of a bilateral hydronephrotic horseshoe kidney: a case report Holger Gerullis. Journal of Medical Case Reports. 2008;2:231.

Oktem H, Gozil R, Calguner E, Bahcelioglu M, Mutlu S, Kurkcuoglu A, et al. Morphometric study of a horseshoe kidney. Med Princ Pract. 2008;17(1):80-3.

Yakeishi A, Saga T, So H, Tetsuka M, Araki Y, Kobayashi S, et al. A case of horseshoe kidney with surplus renal arteries. Kurume Med J. 2007;54(3-4):89-93.

Gupta M, Pandey AK, Goyal N. Horseshoe kidney – A case report. Nepal Medical College Journal. 2007;9(1).

Bauer SB. Anomalies of the upper urinary tract. In Campbell's Urology, vol. 3, 8th edn, Walsh PC, Retik AB, Vaughan ED Jr, Wein AJ. Editors. WB Saunders: Philadelphia, 2002; 1885-1924.

Lippe B, Geffner ME, Dietrich RB, Boechat MI, Kangarloo H. Renal malformations in patients with Turner syndrome: imaging in 141 patients. Pediatrics. 1988;82:852-6.

Sandoval R, Sepulveda W, Gutierrez J, Be C, Altieri E. Prenatal diagnosis of nonmosaic trisomy 9 in a fetus with severe renal disease. Gynecol Obstet Invest. 1999;48:69-72.

Buntley D. Malignancy associated with horseshoe kidney. Urology. 1976;8:146-8.

Mesrobian HG, Kelalis PP, Hrabovsky E, Othersen HB Jr, deLorimier A, Nesmith B. Wilms' tumor in horseshoe kidneys: a report from the National Wilms' tumor Study. J Urol. 1985;133:1002-3.

Krishnan B, Truong LD, Saleh G, Sirbasku DM, Slawin KM. Horseshoe kidney is associated with an increased relative risk of primary renal carcinoid tumor. J Urol. 1997;157:2059-66.

Zondek LH, Zondek T. Horseshoe kidney and associated congenital malformations. Urol Int. 1964;18:347-56.

Downloads

Published

2017-01-10

How to Cite

Rao, E. V., & Battula, S. (2017). Horseshoe kidney – a case report. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 3(8), 2135–2138. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20150342

Issue

Section

Case Reports