Clinicohistopathological study of lichenoid interface dermatitis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20262622Keywords:
Lichenoid, Interface, HistopathologyAbstract
Background: Lichenoid interface dermatitis (LID) represents a heterogeneous group of inflammatory dermatoses characterized by immune-mediated basal keratinocyte injury and interface inflammation, often posing diagnostic challenges due to overlapping clinical and histopathological features. The study was done to evaluate the clinicohistopathological features of LID, to identify the spectrum of clinical and microscopic findings, and to assess histopathological features useful in subtyping variants of lichenoid interface dermatoses.
Methods: This was hospital-based observational study conducted in the Department of Pathology, Muzaffarnagar Medical College and Hospital, from March 2024 to September 2025. A total of 70 skin biopsy specimens clinically suspected and histopathologically diagnosed as LID were included. Biopsies were processed routinely, and 4-5 μm sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Detailed histopathological evaluation was performed and correlated with clinical data. Statistical analysis was carried out using SPSS version 17/20, and results were expressed as percentages.
Results: Out of the total of 70 cases, female preponderance was noted with male to female ratio as 1:1.33. Most patients belonged to the 31-40 years group of which most of the cases were diagnosed as classic lichen planus (44.3%). Most common site reported in the present cohort was lower limbs. Clinico-pathological concordance was seen in 80% of the cases.
Conclusions: Meticulous histopathological examination, coupled with clinical correlation, is essential for precise diagnosis and subtyping, thereby fulfilling the study objectives and reinforcing the central role of histopathology in managing lichenoid interface dermatoses.
References
Kumar UM, Yelikar BR, Inamadar AC, Umesh S, Singhal A, Kushtagi A. A clinico-pathological study of lichenoid tissue reactions- A tertiary care experience. J Clin Diagnost Res. 2013;7(2):312-6.
Batchu VR, Panthalla VL, Kumar PVK, Penchalaiah K. A clinicopathological study on interface dermatitis. Int J Res Dermatol. 2022;8(5):457-65.
Mills SE, Greenson JK, Hornick JL, Longacre TA, Reuter VE. Nonneoplastic diseases of the skin. In: Sternberg’s Diagnostic Surgical Pathology. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2015;7-9.
Dhar R, Gaikwad P, Sahai J. Histopathological spectrum of interface dermatitis and its clinicopathological correlation. Int J Health Sci Res. 2020;10(12):17-24.
Alrashdan MS, Cirillo N, McCullough M. Oral lichen planus: a literature review and update. Arch Dermatol Res. 2016;308(8):539-51.
Boch K, Langan EA, Kridin K, Zillikens D, Ludwig RJ, Bieber K. Lichen Planus. Front Med (Lausanne). 2021;8:737813.
Pawar VR, Mane VP, Ashtekar RS. Spectrum of Interface dermatitis: An Observational study. Ann Applied Bio-Sci. 2017;4(2):A104-10.
Manjunatha MR, Kumar SS. Histomorphological pattern of interface dermatitis-a diagnostic dilemma, record based study in a tertiary care hospital. J Dermatol Case Rep. 2025;18(1):14-18.
Malathi BG, Sandhu JK. Interface dermatitis-Clinicopathologic Spectrum. Arch Cytol Histopathol Res. 2016;1(2):57-62.
Vijayalakshmi P, Sree MR, Devi MS, Rani S. Clinicopathological study on interface dermatitis. Int J Acad Med Pharm. 2024;6(1):670-78.
Dixit D, Vernekar SS, Giriyan SS. A clinico-pathological study of lichenoid tissue reactions/interface dermatitis. Int J Res Med Sci. 2019;7(4):1002-8.
Chauhan R, Srinath MK, Ali NM, Bhat RM, Sukumar D. Clinicopathological study of lichenoid reactions: a retrospective analysis. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2015;4(32):5551-62.
Kamath SM, Suneetha N, Prasad AL. Observational Study of Interface Dermatitis with Clinicopathological Correlation. Int J Sci Stud. 2020;8(6):46-52.
Maheshwari GR, Mehta HH, Nikam V. Clinico-histopathological correlation for diagnosis of lichenoid interface dermatoses. J Dermatol Dermatol Surg. 2016;20(2):115-24.
Elder DE, Elenitsas R, Murphy GF, Rosenbach M, Rubin AI, Seykora JT, Xu X. Lever’s dermatopathology: histopathology of the skin. 11th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2015;192-219.
Elder DE, Elenitsas R, Rubin AI, Ioffreda MD, Miller J, Miller OF. Atlas and synopsis of Lever’s histopathology of the skin. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. 2012;126-28.
Le Cleach L, Chosidow O. Clinical practice. Lichen planus. N Engl J Med. 2012;366(8):723-32.
Agarwala P, Prakash P, Agarwal M, Singh S, Sarin N, Pruthi SK. Histomorphology of lichenoid tissue reactions: A retrospective study. J Pak Assoc Dermatol. 2024;34(4):813-20.
Pathave HS, Nikam V, Dongre A, Khopkar U. A retrospective study of skin biopsies of 184 cutaneous lichen planus patients. Turk J Dermatol. 2022;16(2):38-43.
Parihar A, Sharma S, Bhattacharya SN, Singh UR. A clinicopathological study of cutaneous lichen planus. J Saudi Soc Dermatol Dermatol Surg. 2014;19(1):21-26.
Kamyab K, Gholi Z, Ghiasi M, Pirzadeh M, Nasimi M. Clinicopathological study of 307 patients with lichen planus actinicus and pigmentosus referred to Razi Skin Hospital from 2016 to 2021. Dermatol Pract Concept. 2023;13(2):e2023119.
Beso AP, Chhangte MZ, Dey B, Verma S. Lichen planus pigmentosus: A clinicopathological study from Northeast India. Cureus. 2024;16(11):e74627.
Muralidhar A, Venugopal SB, Nandini AS. Clinicohistopathologic study of lichenoid interface dermatitis. Arch Med Health Sci 2020;8:20-5.
Sabeena DS, Raghavan DV, Dhevi DI. A comprehensive clinicopathological study on interface dermatitis. TPM. 2025;32(S1):221-27.
Varsha S. Histopathological variability in lichen planus and its variants: A comparative analysis. J Heart Valve Dis. 2025;30(3):22-26.
Poudel J. A histopathological study of lichen planus and variants. J Pathol Nepal. 2025;15(1):2266-71.
Wankhade S, Dosi S, Bansal S, Varma A. Clinical and histopathological study of cutaneous lichen planus in a tertiary care center of central India. MGM J Med Sci. 2023;10(4):630 37.
Reddy PK, Sumathy TK, Shyamprasad AL, Shivaswamy KN, Suparna MY. Clinical, dermoscopic, and histopathological correlation of lichenoid dermatoses. Indian J Dermatopathol Diagn Dermatol. 2019;6(2):75 82.
Neelima M, Sunkara A, Karre S, Devojee M, Kavitha D. Study of clinical and histopathological findings of interface dermatitis and its correlation. ScienceRise: Med Sci. 2022;3(48):34 38.
Osipowicz K, Milczarek E, Gorska R, Kowalewski C, Pach J, Regulski P, et al. Does the location of oral lesions in oral lichen planus allow predicting the outcome of its histopathological examination? J Clin Med. 2025;14(12):4076.
Manchanda Y, Rathi SK, Joshi A, Das S. Oral Lichen Planus: An Updated Review of Etiopathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, and Management. Indian Dermatol Online J. 2023;15(1):8-23.
Lodolo M, Gobbo M, Bussani R, Torelli L, Rupel K, Ottaviani G, et al. Histopathology of oral lichen planus and oral lichenoid lesions: An exploratory cross-sectional study. Oral Dis. 2023;29(3):1259-68.
Philip FK, Govindakurup U, Augustine D. The clinicopathological study of lichenoid skin lesions in a tertiary care centre. Int J Acad Med Pharm. 2024;6(3):487-93.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
