Association of serum calcium level with preeclampsia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20262166Keywords:
Calcium, Preeclampsia, SerumAbstract
Background: Preeclampsia and its associated complications remain major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Among the various risk factors, hypocalcemia has been suggested as a possible contributor to the development of preeclampsia. To determine the association between serum calcium levels and preeclampsia in pregnant women.
Methods: This case-control study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rangpur Medical College Hospital, Rangpur, Bangladesh. Ethical approval and institutional permission were obtained before data collection. Pregnant women with gestational age ≥20 weeks, including 50 preeclamptic women and 50 normotensive pregnant women, were enrolled according to predefined selection criteria. Detailed clinical history, physical examination and relevant laboratory investigations were performed. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. Chi-square test was applied for categorical variables and unpaired t-test for continuous variables. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results: Women with preeclampsia were significantly younger, with 40.0% aged <20 years compared to 12.0% in controls (p<0.001). Overweight and obesity were more common among preeclamptic women (66.0% and 24.0%, respectively), whereas most controls had normal BMI (84.0%). Preeclamptic women had significantly higher pulse rate and blood pressure. Mean serum calcium and corrected serum calcium levels were significantly lower in the preeclampsia group (7.38±0.37 mg/dl and 7.61±0.17 mg/dl) compared with controls (9.07±0.53 mg/dl and 9.10±0.62 mg/dl). Hypocalcemia was observed in 80.0% and 84.0% of preeclamptic women based on serum calcium and corrected calcium, respectively. No significant difference in calcium levels was found between moderate and severe preeclampsia.
Conclusions: Low serum calcium is significantly associated with preeclampsia, suggesting hypocalcemia may play a role in its pathogenesis.
References
Parvin S, Chowdhury SB, Nahar KN, Hoque MM. Serum calcium and its association with preeclampsia. Bangladesh J Med Sci. 2021;20(2):379-83.
Khaing W, Vallibhakara SAO, Tantrakul V, Vallibhakara O, Rattanasiri S, McEvoy M, et al. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation for prevention of preeclampsia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Nutrients. 2017;9(10):1141.
World Health Organization. Calcium supplementation before pregnancy for the prevention of preeclampsia and its complications. Geneva: WHO. 2020.
Mou AD, Barman Z, Hasan M, Miah R, Hafsa JM, Das Trisha A, et al. Prevalence of preeclampsia and the associated risk factors among pregnant women in Bangladesh. Scientific Reports. 2021;11(1):21339.
Opichka MA, Rappelt MW, Gutterman DD, Grobe JL, McIntosh JJ. Vascular dysfunction in preeclampsia. Cells. 2021;10(11):3055.
Khanum S, Naz N, de Souza MDL. Prevention of preeclampsia and eclampsia: a systematic review. Open J Nurs. 2018;8(1):26-44.
Chambers JC, Fusi L, Malik IS, Haskard DO, De Swiet M, Kooner JS. Association of maternal endothelial dysfunction with preeclampsia. JAMA. 2001;285(12):1607-12.
Kant S, Haldar P, Gupta A, Lohiya A. Serum calcium level among pregnant women and its association with preeclampsia and delivery outcomes: a cross-sectional study from North India. Nepal J Epidemiol. 2019;9(4):795.
Ritchie LD, King JC. Dietary calcium and pregnancy-induced hypertension: is there a relation. American J Clin Nutrition. 2000;71(5):1371-4.
Omotayo MO, Dickin KL, O'Brien KO, Neufeld LM, De Regil LM, Stoltzfus RJ. Calcium supplementation to prevent preeclampsia: translating guidelines into practice in low-income countries. Adv Nutri. 2016;7(2):275-8.
López-Jaramillo P, Casas JP, Serrano N. Preeclampsia: from epidemiological observations to molecular mechanisms. Brazilian J Med Biol Res. 2001;34:1227-35.
Chhabra S, Singh A. Role of calcium in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: current status of research, a mini review. J Nutr Disord Ther. 2017;7(2):1-5.
Chen D, Wang H, Xin X, Zhang L, Yu A, Li S, et al. Different doses of calcium supplementation to prevent gestational hypertension and preeclampsia: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Nutrition. 2022;8:795667.
Hofmeyr GJ, Betrán AP, Singata-Madliki M, Cormick G, Munjanja SP, Fawcus S, et al. Prepregnancy and early pregnancy calcium supplementation among women at high risk of preeclampsia: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2019;393(10169):330-9.
Villa-Etchegoyen C, Lombarte M, Matamoros N, Belizán JM, Cormick G. Mechanisms involved in the relationship between low calcium intake and high blood pressure. Nutrients. 2019;11(5):1112.
Singh S, Bhattacharjee J. Comparative study of serum calcium in preeclampsia and normotensive pregnancy. 2019;5:65.
Rashid B, Richard MM. Low serum calcium levels in preeclampsia. J South Asian Fed Obstet Gynaecol. 2017;7(3):126-9.
Salari Z, Eftekhari N, Tajodini M. The comparison of total protein, albumin and phosphorus level in preeclamptic pregnant women and women with normal pregnancy. J Kerman University Med Sci. 2006;13(2):209-14.
Baruah K. A comparative study of the serum calcium level in normal pregnant and preeclamptic women attending Gauhati Medical College and Hospital. Placenta. 2015;1(2):5.
Kanagal DV, Rajesh A, Rao K, Devi UH, Shetty H, Kumari S, et al. Levels of serum calcium and magnesium in preeclampsia and normal pregnancy: a study from Coastal India. J Clin Diag Res. 2014;8(7):71.
Pairu J, Triveni GS, Manohar A. The study of serum calcium and serum magnesium in pregnancy induced hypertension and normal pregnancy. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2015;4(1):30-4.
Sharma DK. A study of serum total calcium levels in preeclampsia. Int J Clin Biochemi Res. 2014;1(1):7-9.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
