Prevalence and patterns of dyslipidaemia and glycaemic abnormalities among patients of heart failure at a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20262643Keywords:
Heart failure, NYHA, Hypercholesterolaemia, Hypertriglyceridaemia, Diabetes mellitusAbstract
Background: Dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus are highly prevalent in India. Both are risk factors of various cardiovascular diseases which may progress to heart failure. Heart failure is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of different patterns of dyslipidaemia and glycaemic abnormalities among the heart failure patients of different severity.
Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was done on 492 clinically diagnosed heart failure patients categorised according to severity based on NYHA classification. Serum lipid profile, fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c % were evaluated. Data were analysed using standard statistical software.
Results: The different patterns of dyslipidaemia detected were hypercholesterolaemia (32%), increased LDL cholesterol (34%), decreased HDL cholesterol (52%) and hypertriglyceridaemia (26%). Prevalences of pre-diabetes and diabetes mellitus were 33 % and 29 % respectively. No patient had NYHA class I symptoms. Prevalence of hypercholesterolaemia among NYHA class II, III and IV patients were 28 %, 33 % and 40 % respectively whereas prevalence of hypertriglyceridaemia were 21%, 28% and 30% in the respective classes. Diabetes mellitus was present in 7%, 39%, and 50% of NYHA class II, III, and IV patients, respectively.
Conclusions: The commonest form of dyslipidaemia was low HDL cholesterol, detected in almost half of the patients, followed by elevated LDL cholesterol. Hyperglycaemia was detected in almost two-thirds of the patients. Pre-diabetes was slightly more prevalent than diabetes mellitus. Prevalence of dyslipidaemia and diabetes mellitus increased with the severity of heart failure.
Metrics
References
Chaturvedi V. Heart failure in India: The INDUS (India Ukieri study) study. J Pract Cardiovas Sci. 2016;2(1):28-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2395-5414.182988
Jameson JL, Fauci AS, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Loscalzo J, editors. Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine.20th ed. New York, USA: McGraw-Hill Education. 2018: 1763-1769.
Pirillo A, Casula M, Olmastroni E, Norata GD, Catapano AL. Global epidemiology of dyslipidaemias. Nat Rev Cardiol. 2021;18(10):689-700. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41569-021-00541-4
Gupta R, Rao RS, Misra A, Sharma SK. Recent trends in epidemiology of dyslipidemias in India. Indian Heart J. 2017;69(3):382-92. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2017.02.020
Leon BM, Maddox TM. Diabetes and cardiovascular disease: epidemiology, biological mechanisms, treatment recommendations and future research. World J Diabetes. 2015;6(13):1246-58. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4239/wjd.v6.i13.1246
Mohan V, Tiwaskar M. The unrelenting epidemic of diabetes in India: Do the numbers matter. J Assoc Physicians India. 2025;73(5):12-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.59556/japi.73.0891
Borghetti G, von Lewinski D, Eaton DM, Sourij H, Houser SR, Wallner M. Diabetic cardiomyopathy: current and future therapies. Beyond glycemic control. Front Physiol. 2018;9:1514. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2018.01514
Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults. Executive summary of the third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) expert panel on detection, evaluation, and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (Adult Treatment Panel III). JAMA. 2001;285(19):2486-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.285.19.2486
Mithal A, Majhi D, Shunmugavelu M, Talwalkar PG, Vasnawala H, Raza AS. Prevalence of dyslipidemia in adult Indian diabetic patients: a cross-sectional study (SOLID). Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2014;18(5):642-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.139220
Dhingra R, Vasan RS. Diabetes and the risk of heart failure. Heart Fail Clin. 2012;8(1):125-33. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hfc.2011.08.008
Velagaleti RS, Massaro J, Vasan RS, Robins SJ, Kannel WB, Levy D. Relations of lipid concentrations to heart failure incidence: the Framingham Heart Study. Circulation. 2009;120(23):2345-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.830984
Gupta R, Gupta P, Deedwania P, et al. Cholesterol lipoproteins, triglycerides and prevalence of dyslipidemias among urban Asian Indian subjects: a cross-sectional study. Indian Heart J. 2014;66(3):280-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ihj.2014.03.005
Kannan L, Shaw PA, Morley MP, Brandimarto J, Fang JC, Sweitzer NK. Thyroid dysfunction in heart failure and cardiovascular outcomes. Circ Heart Fail. 2018;11(12):5266. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.118.005266
Saadatagah S, Pasha AK, Alhalabi L, Sandhyavenu H. Coronary heart disease risk associated with primary isolated hypertriglyceridemia: a population-based study. J Am Heart Assoc. 2021;10(11):19343. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/JAHA.120.019343
Toth PP, Shah PK, Lepor NE. Targeting hypertriglyceridemia to mitigate cardiovascular risk: a review. Am J Prev Cardiol. 2020;3:100086. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajpc.2020.100086
Yao YS, Li TD, Zeng ZH. Mechanisms underlying direct actions of hyperlipidemia on myocardium: an updated review. Lipids Health Dis. 2020;19(1):23. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-019-1171-8
Dunlay SM, Givertz MM, Aguilar D, Allen LA, Chan M, Desai AS, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and heart failure: a scientific statement from the American heart association and the heart failure society of America: this statement does not represent an update of the 2017 ACC/AHA/HFSA heart failure guideline update. Circulation. 2019;140(13):294-324. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1161/CIR.0000000000000691
Anjana RM, Unnikrishnan R, Deepa M, Pradeepa R, Tandon N, Das AK et al. ICMR-INDIAB Collaborative Study Group. Metabolic non-communicable disease health report of India: the ICMR-INDIAB national cross-sectional study (ICMR-INDIAB-17). Lancet Diab Endocrinol. 2023;11(7):474-89. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(23)00119-5
Rosano GM, Vitale C, Seferovic P. Heart Failure in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus. Card Fail Rev. 2017;3(1):52-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15420/cfr.2016:20:2
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
