Head and neck cancer dominance and emerging multi-site burden: a three-year hospital-based cancer registry analysis from central India (2022-2024)

Gunjan Shrivastav; Gadipal Singh Rajput; Shailesh Shrivastav; Vallari Pawar; Pankaj Gandotra; B. R. Shrivastav; Rajat Mangal; Rajat Lohia; M. L. Agarwal; Nancy Lal; Sumit Gupta; Devraj Singh; Monika Dewan; Rajni Agrwal; V. Jalaj; Nidisha Agarwal

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20263533

Authors

Gunjan Shrivastav Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Gadipal Singh Rajput ICMR, Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Shailesh Shrivastav Department of Information Technology, Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Vallari Pawar ICMR, Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Pankaj Gandotra Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
B. R. Shrivastav Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Rajat Mangal ICMR, Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Rajat Lohia Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
M. L. Agarwal Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Nancy Lal Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Sumit Gupta Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Devraj Singh Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Monika Dewan Department of Gynec-Oncology, Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Rajni Agrwal Department of Gynec-Oncology, Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
V. Jalaj Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India
Nidisha Agarwal Department of Surgical Oncology, Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20263533

Keywords:

Oral cancer, Hospital-based cancer registry, Head and neck cancer, Gallbladder cancer, Cancer epidemiology

Abstract

Background: Cancer registries provide epidemiological information for regional public health planning. Central India has a unique cancer burden driven by high tobacco use and limited early-detection infrastructure, yet the hospital-based cancer registries (HBCRs) data from this region remain scarce. This study characterised the site-specific distribution, sex-based disparities, age-group variation, and state-wise referral patterns of confirmed malignant cases at Cancer Hospital and Research Institute (CHRI), Gwalior, over three years (January 2022 – December 2024), to identify priority sites for region-specific cancer control interventions.

Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted on 25,692 Outpatient Department (OPD) records from CHRI, Gwalior, a regional cancer centre serving Madhya Pradesh (MP), Uttar Pradesh (UP), and adjacent states. International Classification of Diseases -10 (ICD-10) was used to classify malignant cases (n = 20,062). They were analyzed by sex, cancer site, age group, state and year of registration.

Results: Among the 20,062 malignant cases, males constituted the majority (n=12,394; 61.78%) versus females (n=7,665; 38.21%). Mouth (n=5,255; 26.04%) and tongue (n=2,746; 13.69%) were the most common sites. Gallbladder cancer ranked third overall (8.11%) with marked female predominance. Breast (7.42%) and cervical (5.74%) cancers predominated among females. Patients aged ≥50 years had the largest disease burden, though oral cancers appeared as early as 19-35 years.

Conclusions: Head and neck cancers accounted for 46.59% of all malignant cases (9,347 /20,062), with the oral cavity and tongue representing the most frequently affected sites. The co-existing burdens of gallbladder, breast, and cervical cancers highlight the need for region-specific, multi-site cancer screening programmes.

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