Preliminary study of serum magnesium in diabetes mellitus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20151145Keywords:
Type2 diabetes mellitus, Magnesium, CalciumAbstract
Background: Diabetes mellitus is not a single disease entity but rather a group of metabolic disorders sharing the common underlying feature of hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia in diabetes results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action, or, most commonly, both. Magnesium (Mg) is one of the most abundant ions present in living cells and its plasma concentration is remarkably constant in healthy subjects. Plasma and intracellular Mg concentrations are tightly regulated by several factors. Among them, insulin seems to be one of the most important. A poor intracellular Mg concentration, as found in noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), may result in a defective tyrosine-kinase activity at the insulin receptor level and exaggerated intracellular calcium concentration. Both events are responsible for the impairment in insulin action and a worsening of insulin resistance in noninsulin-dependent diabetic.
Methods: This study was undertaken to evaluate role of serum magnesium in type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Results: In this cross sectional study Parameters analysed were serum magnesium and calcium in 2 groups, one: Normal healthy age matched controls not suffering from diabetes mellitus (n=50) and other: Patients of Type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without complications (n=50). Biochemical data analysed using Unpaired Students t test. Results demonstrated that serum magnesium levels were lower in type 2 diabetic patients when compared to controls.
Conclusions: Magnesium and calcium deficiency may have profound ill effects on human health and should be supplemented to prevent complications.
Metrics
References
Faucy As, Kasper DL, Braunwald E, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J. Harrison's principles of internal medicine 18th edition Chapter 344. DiabetesMellitus.
IDF Diabetes Atlas, International Diabetes Federation (2009), 4th edition.
Huang ES, Liu JY, Moffet HH, John PM, Karter AJ: Glycemic control, complications, and death in older diabetic patients the diabetes and aging study. Diabetes Care. 2011:34(6):1329–36.
de Boer IH, Katz R, Cao JJ, Fried LF, Kestenbaum B, Mukamal K, et al: Cystatin C, albuminuria, and mortality among older adults with diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(10):1833–8.
Andrew Moran, Walter Palmas, Lesley Field, Jyoti Bhattarai, Joseph E. Schwartz, Ruth S. Weinstock, and Steven Shea Cardiovascular Autonomic Neuropathy Is Associated With Microalbuminuria in Older Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Care April 2004 27:972-977.
King H, Aubert RE, Herman WH. Global burden of diabetes, 1995-2025: prevalence, numerical estimates, and projections. Diabetes Care 1998; 21: 1414-1431.
Garfinkel D. Role of magnesium in carbohydrate oxidation. Magnesium. 1988; 7:249-61,
Grafton G, Baxter MA, Sheppard MC. Effects of magnesium on sodium dependent inositol transport. Diabetes. 1992; 41:35-9.
Sheehan J P. Insulin resistance and hypomagnesemia, Br Med J. Clin resed.1982;285:972.
Tosiello L. Hypomagnesemia and diabetes mellitus. A review of clinical implications. Arch Intern Med 1996; 156:1143–1148.
Paolisso G, Scheen A, D’Onofrio F, Lefebvre P: Magnesium and glucose homeostasis. Diabetologia, 1990, 33:511–514.
Yajnik CS, Smith RF, Hockaday TD, Ward NI. Fasting plasma magnesium concentrations and glucose disposal in diabetes. BMJ 1984; 288:1032-1034.
Barbagallo M, Dominguez LJ, Galioto A, Ferlisi A, Cani C, Malfa L. Role of magnesium in insulin action, diabetes and cardio–metabolic syndrome X. Mol Aspects Med. 2003;24: 39–52.
Song Y, Manson JE, Buring JE, Liu S. Dietary magnesium intake in relation to plasma insulin levels and risk of type 2 diabetes in women. Diabetes Care 2004;27:59–65.
Itoh K, Kawasaka T, Nakamura M. The effects of high oral magnesium supplementation on blood pressure, serum lipids and related variables in apparently healthy Japanese subjects. Br J Nutr. 1997;78:737–750.
Song Y, Ridker PM, Manson JE, Cook NR, Buring JE, Liu S. Magnesium intake, C-reactive protein, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older US women. Diabetes Care 2005; 28:1438–44.
Touyz RM. Role of magnesium in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Mol Aspects Med. 2003;24:107–36.
Chakraborti S, Chakraborti T, Mandal M, Mandal A, Das S, Ghosh S. Protective role of magnesium in cardiovascular diseases: a review. Mol Cell Biochem. 2002;238:163–79.
Seelig MS, Heggtveit HA. Magnesium interrelationships in ischemic heart disease: a review. Am J Clin Nutr. 1974;27:59–79.
Correˆa ZMS, Freitas AM, Marcon IM. Risk factors related to the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2003;66:739–43.
Paolisso G, Passariello N, Pizza G, et al. Dietary magnesium replacements improve B-cell response to glucose and arginine in elderly non-insulin dependent diabetic subjects. Acta endocrinol 1989; 121:16-20.
Ma J, Folsom AR, Melnick SL, Eckfeldt JH, Sharrett AR, Nabulsi AA, Hutchinson RG, Metcalf PA: Associations of serum and dietary magnesium with cardiovascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, insulin, and carotid arterial wall thickness: the ARIC study: Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. J Clin Epidemiol, 1995;48:927–940.
Marx A, Neutra RN. Magnesium in drinking water and ischemic heart disease. Epidemiologic Reviews 1997;19:258-272.
Schmidt LE, Arfken CL & Heins JM. Evaluation of nutrient intake in subjects with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J Am Diet Assoc. 1994;94:773-4.
Ruy Lopez ridaura, md 1 Walter C. Willett, MD 1,2,3 Eric B. Rim, Sc.D. 1,2,3 simin liu, MD 3,4 Meir J. Stampfer, MD 1,2,3 Joann e. Manson, md 2,3,4 frank b. Hu, MD 1,2,3. Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in men and women, diabetes care, January 2004, volume 27, number 1.
Ransack LM, Alturas BT, Gupta RK, Laragh JH, Alderman MH & Altura BM. Intracellular and extracellular magnesium depletion in type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus.Diabetologia.1993;36:767-770.
Nazar S. Haddad, Salah Zuhair, Serum magnesium and severity of diabetic retinopathy. MJBU. 2010;28(1):36-9.
Sheehan JP. Magnesium deficiency and diabetes mellitus. Magnes Trace Elem. 1991;10:215-9.
White JR, Jr. & Campbell RK. Magnesium and diabetes: a review. Ann Pharmacother. 1993;27:775-80.
Nadler JL, Buchanan T, Natarajan R, Antonipillai I, Bergman R, Rude R. Magnesium deficiency produces insulin resistance and increased thromboxane synthesis. Hypertension 1993;21:1024-9.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
