Clinicopathological study of testicular tumors: an experience in a tertiary care hospital in Kashmir valley, Jammu and Kashmir, India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20172480Keywords:
Germ cell tumor, Neoplasia, Seminoma, Testicular tumorAbstract
Background: Testicular and paratesticular neoplasia are rare type of tumors affecting adolescents and young adults in India, as observed by paucity of published data. This study was undertaken to analyze the patterns of testicular tumors at a tertiary level hospital in Kashmir valley, Jammu and Kashmir, India highlighting the patient’s demography, clinical presentation, diagnostic evaluation and pathological finding.
Methods: This 5-year (retrospective and prospective) study was performed in the Department of Pathology, Government Medical College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India from January 2012 to December 2016. For the retrospective study, all cases of testicular tumors, their histopathological reports and required clinical details were searched from records maintained in the Department of Pathology, GMC Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. For the prospective study, the orchiedectomy specimens received in our department were subjected to routine histopathological processing followed by a detailed gross and microscopic examination. Tumour typing and subtyping was done according to WHO classification (2004).
Results: A total of 37 cases of testicular and paratesticular neoplasia were included in present study with a mean age of 35.1 years. Out of these 37 cases, 31 (83.78%) were malignant and 6 cases (16.22%) were benign. Right testis was affected in 70.3% of cases. The most common clinical presentation was scrotal swelling. Germ cell tumor was the most common type accounting for 89.2% of tumors followed by lymphomas (8.1%).
Conclusions:It is concluded that despite new techniques in imaging and tumor marker assay, the diagnosis of testicular tumors is dependent upon histopathological examination. The present study fairly provides an insight into the clinical presentations, prevalence and patterns of testicular tumors.
References
Purdue MP, Devesa SS, Sigurdson AJ, McGlynn KA. International patterns and trends in testis cancer incidence. Int J Cancer. 2005;15:822-7.
Power DA, Brown RS, Brock CS. Trends in testicular carcinoma in England and wales, 1971-1999. BJU Int. 2001;87:361-5.
Adami HO, Bergström R, Möhner M, Zatoôski W, Storm H, Ekbom A, et al. Testicular cancer in nine northern European countries. Int J Cancer. 1994;59(1):33-8.
Yeole BB. Jussawalla DJ. Descriptive epidemiology of the cancers of the male genital organs in Greater Bombay. Indian J Cancer. 1997:31:30-9.
Bray F, Richiardi L, Ekbom A, Pukkala E, Cuninkova M, Moller H. Trends in testicular cancer incidence and mortality in 22 European countries: continuing increase in incidence and declines in mortality. Int J Cancer. 2006;118(12):3099-111.
McGlynn KA, Devesa SS, Graubard BI, Castle PE. Increasing incidence of testicular germ cell tumours among black men in the United States. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23:575-61.
Garner MJ, Turner MC, Ghadirian P, Krewski D. Epidemiology of testicular cancer: an overview. Int J Cancer. 2005;116(3):331-9.
Sabiston DC. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice, 18th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders, 2007;2:2280-2285.
Wein AJ. Neoplasm of testis. In: Cambell-Walsh Urology, 9th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Saunders; 2007:893-958.
Tanagho EA, McAninch JW, Eds. Genital tumours. In: Smith’s General Urology, 17th ed. Newyork: Tata McGraw-Hill Education; 2007:375-387.
Bailey, Love. Tumours of Testis, 25th ed. London: Taylor and Francis Ltd; 1997:1384-1387.
Eble JN, Sauter G, Epstein JI. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs. IARC Press, Lyon; 2004.
Salako AA. Testicular and para-testicular tumours in south western Nigeria. Afr Health Sci. 2010;10(1):14-7.
Hayes-Lattin B, Nichols CR. Testicular cancer: a prototypic tumor of young adults. In: Seminars in oncology. WB Saunders. 2009;36(5):432-8).
Deotra A, Mathur DR, Vyas MC. A 18 years study of testicular tumours in Jodhpur, western Rajasthan. J Postgrad Med. 1994;40:68-70.
Collins DH, Pugh RCB. Classification and frequency of testicular cancer. Br J Urol. 1964;36(1):1-11.
Tan GH, Arzif M, Shamsul AS, Ho CC, Praveen S, Goh EH, et al. Clinicopathological features and survival of testicular tumours in a Southeast Asian university hospital: a ten-year review. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2011;12(10):2727-30.
Woodward PJ. Case 70: seminoma in an undescended testis. Radiology. 2004;231:388-92.
Naqvi SQH, Ansari AL, Memon NA, Memon JM, Akhund AA. Correlation of age with histopathological type of testicular tumors. Gomal J Med Sci. 2006;4(1):24-7.
Chandanwale S, Chawla R, Buch A, Dharwadkar A, Gore C, Rajpal M. Pathology of testicular tumors- review of 50 cases. Int J Pharm Biomed Sci. 2012;3(4):167-76.
Moghe KV, Agrawal RV, Junnerkar RV. Testicular tumors. Indian J Cancer; 1970:90-7.
Mushtaq S, Jamal S, Mamoon N, Akbar N, Khadim T. The pathological spectrum of malignant testicular tumours in northern Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2007;57(10):499-500.
Sussman EB, Hajdu SI, Lieberman PH. Malignant lymphoma of testis: a clinicopathologic study of 37 cases. J Urol. 1977;118:1004-7.
Jamal S, Moghal S, Mamoon N, Mushtaq S, Luqman M, Anwar M. The pattern of malignant tumours: Tumour registry data analysis, AFIP, Rawalpindi, Pakistan (1992-2001). J Pak Med Assoc. 2006;56:359-62.