Oral health status and treatment needs of children with sickle cell disease in Abha and Khamis Mushait cities of southern Saudi Arabia

Maha H. Alamri; Reem A. Alqahtani; Norah A. Alqahtani; Wejdan A. Shobeili; Rafi A. Togoo; Zakirulla M.

doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20180281

Authors

Maha H. Alamri Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences (POS), College of Dentistry King Khalid University, Abha, KSA
Reem A. Alqahtani Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences (POS), College of Dentistry King Khalid University, Abha, KSA
Norah A. Alqahtani Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences (POS), College of Dentistry King Khalid University, Abha, KSA
Wejdan A. Shobeili Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences (POS), College of Dentistry King Khalid University, Abha, KSA
Rafi A. Togoo Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences (POS), College of Dentistry King Khalid University, Abha, KSA
Zakirulla M. Department of Pediatric Dentistry and Orthodontic Sciences (POS), College of Dentistry King Khalid University, Abha, KSA

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20180281

Keywords:

Children, Dental caries, Gingivitis, Oral health, Malocclusion, Sickle cell disease

Abstract

Background: This study aimed to assess the oral health status and dental treatment needs of children with Sickle Cell disease (SCD) in Abha and Khamis Mushait cities of southern Saudi Arabia.

Methods: A total of 82 children were included in the study, 41 children with SCD and 41 control group. A total of 82 children having age group of 2 to 13 years from Abha and Khamis Mushait cities of southern Saudi Arabia were examined. The clinical examinations were performed by experienced clinicians in those children who fulfilled the required inclusion criteria. Intraoral examination was done using Decayed-Missing-Filled Teeth Index (DMFT Index) and other dental conditions were examined. Statistical analysis was done with Chi square test and level of significance was set at p<0.05.

Results: Prevalence of dental caries was shown between the 2 groups of children i.e., SCD and control. When SCD was compared with control group, the Mean ±Standard deviation for decayed missing filled tooth was found to be DMFT= 6.95±4.79, 8.02±4.33 respectively. Statistically no significant difference was found (P=0.290). 17.1% of children with SCD group has gingivitis compared to control group which is 7.3%. Statistically no significant difference was found (P=0.177). Dental trauma, deleterious oral habits and tooth brushing amount SCD children were shown no statistically significant compared to control group.

Conclusions: In the present study no significant difference was evident in dental diseases and treatment needs among SCD and Control group.

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Ballas SK, Lobo CL, Cavalcanti WE. Dental complications of sickle cell disease. J Interdiscipl Med Dent Sci. 2014;2(6):1-4.

Razmus, TF, Fotos, PG. Oral medicine in clinical dentistry: Hematologic disorders. Compendium. 1987;8:214.

Jastaniah W. Epidemiology of sickle cell disease in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med. 2011;31:289-93.

Al-Owain M, Al-Zaidan H, Al-Hassnan Z. Map of autosomal recessive genetic disorders in Saudi Arabia: Concepts and future directions. Am J Med Genet Part A. 2012;158A:2629-40.

Al-Qurashi MM, El-Mouzan MI, Al-Herbish AS, Al-Salloum AA, Al-Omar AA. The prevalence of sickle cell disease in Saudi children and adolescents. A community-based survey. Saudi Med J. 2008;29:1480-83.

AlHamdan NA, AlMazrou YY, AlSwaidi FM, Choudhry AJ. Premarital screening for thalassemia and sickle cell disease in Saudi Arabia. Genet Med. 2007;9:372-7.

Jastaniah W. Epidemiology of sickle cell disease in Saudi Arabia. Ann Saudi Med. 2011;31:289-93.

Botelho DS, Vergne AA, Bittencourt S, Ribeiro EDP. Systemic profile and clinical dental procedures in patients with sickle cell disease. Int J Dent. 2009;8:28-35.

Mendes PH, Fonseca NG, Martelli DR, Bonan PR, de Almeida LK, de Melo LA, Martelli H Jr. Orofacial manifestations in patients with sickle cell anemia. Quint Int. 2011;42(8):701-09.

Javed F, Correa FO, Nooh N, Almas K, Romanos GE, Al-Hezaimi K. Orofacial Manifestations in Patients With Sickle Cell Disease. Am J Med Sci. 2013;345(3):234-47.

Luna AC, Rodrigues MJ, Menezes VA, Marques KM, Santos FA. Caries prevalence and socioeconomic factors in children with sickle cell anemia. Braz Oral Res. 2012;26:43-49.

Lawrenz DR. Sickle cell disease: a review and update of current therapy. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1999;57:171-78.

Laurence B, Haywood C, Lanzkron S, Lanzkron S. Dental infections increase the likelihood of hospital admissions among adult patients with sickle cell disease. Community Dent Heal. 2013;30(3):168-72.

Correa MEP. Oral health-related quality of life in children and teens with sickle cell disease. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 2016;38(2):97-98.

Al-Alawi H, Al-Jawad A, Al-Shayeb M, Al-Ali A, Al-Khalifa K. The association between dental and periodontal diseases and sickle cell disease. A pilot case-control study Saudi Dent J. 2015;27(1):40-43.

O'Rourke CA, Hawley GM. Sickle cell disorder and orofacial pain in Jamaican patients. British Dent J. 1998;185(2):90-92.

Laurence B, Reid BC, Katz RV. Sickle cell anemia and dental caries: a literature review and pilot study. Spec Care Dentist. 2002;22(2):70-74.

da Matta Felisberto Fernandes ML, Kawachi I, Fernandes AM, Correa-Faria P, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA. Oral health-related quality of life of children and teens with sickle cell disease. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 2016;38(2):106-12.

Okafor LA, Nonnoo DC, Ojehanon PI. Oral and dental complications of sickle cell disease in Nigerians. Angiology. 1986;37:672-75.

Fukuda JT, Sonis AL, Platt OS, Kurth S. Acquisition of mutans streptococci and caries prevalence in pediatric sickle cell anemia patients receiving long-term antibiotic therapy. Pediatric dentistry. 2005;27(3):186-90.

Passos CP, Santos PR, Aguiar MC, Cangussu MC, Toralles MB, da Silva MC, et al. Sickle cell disease does not predispose to caries or periodontal disease. Special Care in Dentistry. 2012;32(2):55-60.

Meer Z, Sadatullah S, Wahab MA, Mustafa AB, Odusanya SA, Razak PA. Prevalence of malocclusion and its common traits in Saudi males of Aseer region. J Dent Res Rev. 2016;3:99-102.

Alves e Luna AC, Godoy F, de Menezes VA. Malocclusion and treatment need in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease. Angle Orthod. 2014;84(3):467-72.

Luna AC, Godoy F, Menezes VA. Malocclusion and treatment need in children and adolescents with sickle cell disease. Angle Orthodontist. 2014:84(3);467-72.

Ramakrishna Y. Dental considerations in the management of children suffering from sickle cell disease: a case report. J Ind Soc Pedod Prev Dent. 2007;25:140-43.

Okafor LA, Nonnoo DC, Ojehanon PI, Aikhionbare O. Oral and dental complications of sickle cell disease in Nigerians. Angiology. 1986;37:672-75.

Costa CP, de Carvalho HL, Thomaz EB, Sousa Sde F. Craniofacial bone abnormalities and malocclusion in individuals with sickle cell anemia: a critical review of the literature. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter. 2012;34:60-63.

Guzeldemir E, Uslu Toygar H, Bal N, Anarat R, Boga C. Nitric oxide in gingival crevicular fluid and nitric oxide synthase expression in the gingiva of patients with sickle cell disease. Turk J Haematol. 2011;28(2):115-24.

Crawford JM. Periodontal disease in sickle cell disease subjects. J Periodontol. 1988;59:164-69.

Bhayat A, Ahmad MS. Oral health status of 12-year-old male schoolchildren in Medina, Saudi Arabia. East Mediterr Health J. 2014;20(11):732-37.

Farsi NM, Salama FS. Sucking habits in Saudi children: prevalence, contributing factors and effects on the primary dentition. Pediatr Dent. 1997;19:28-33.

Murshid ZA, PHIL M, Abdulaziz AA, Amin HE, Al Nowaiser AM. Assessment of Parafunctional Oral Habits among a Sample of Saudi Dental Patients. J King Abdulaziz University. 2007;14(4):35-47.

Abbasi AA, Alkadhi OH, AlHobail SQ, AlYami AS, Tareq M. Prevalence of Parafunctional Oral Habits in 7 to 15 Years Old Schoolchildren in Saudi Arabia. J Orthod Endod. 2017;3(2):11.

Togoo RA, Yaseen SM, Zakirulla M, Nasim VS, Al Zamzami M. Oral hygiene knowledge and practices among school children in a rural area of southern Saudi Arabia. Int J Cont Dent. 2012;3(1):57-62.

Azami-Aghdash S, Ebadifard Azar F, Pournaghi Azar F, Rezapour A, Moradi-Joo M, Moosavi A, et al. Prevalence, etiology, and types of dental trauma in children and adolescents: systematic review and meta-analysis. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2015;29(4):234.

Al-Majed I, Murray JJ, Maguire A. Prevalence of dental trauma in 5-6- and 12-14-year-old boys in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Dent Traumatol. 2001;17(4):153-58.

Noori AJ, Al-Obaidi WA. Traumatic dental injuries among primary school children in Sulaimani city, Iraq. Dent Traumatol. 2009;25(4):442-46.

Demirbas Kaya A, Aktener BO, Unsal C. Pulpal necrosis with sickle cell anaemia. Int Endod. 2004;37(9):602-06.

Fernandes ML, Kawachi I, Correa-Faria P, Pattusi MP, Paiva SM, Pordeus IA. Caries prevalence and impact on oral health-related quality of life in children with sickle cell disease: cross-sectional study. BMC Oral Health. 2015;15:68.