Demographic and clinic-angiographic profile of coronary artery disease in young adults: a retrospective observational study

Authors

  • Lalatendu Swain Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College and Hospital, Balasore, Odisha, India
  • Prabhat Nalini Routray Department of Radiodiagnosis, Government Medical College and Hospital, Balasore, Odisha, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182428

Keywords:

Coronary artery disease, Coronary angiography, Young adults

Abstract

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and its complications are on an increased trend in the younger age group. In this study we aimed to identify the different risk factor profile and coronary angiographic characteristics of young adults presenting with coronary artery disease.

Methods: We conducted this retrospective observational study at SCB MC and H and Ashwini Hospital, Cuttack, Odisha, India over a period of one year from June 2016 to June 2017 on 170 patients who undergone coronary angiogram. Inclusion criteria being patients admitted for STEMI, NSTEMI, or UA, age <40 years and those who underwent coronary angiography. All patients who underwent coronary angiography for surgical fitness e.g., patients of rheumatic heart disease and congenital heart disease were excluded from the study.

Results: Among the 150 cases included in the study, 85.3%were males and 14.7% were females. Maximum number of cases i.e. 71.3% were in the age group 36-40 yr, while 23.3% were between 31-35 and 5.4% were between 25-30 age group. Among 150 cases with critical CAD, SVD was most prevalent seen in 68.7% cases, followed by DVD in 22.6% and TVD in 8.7% cases.

Conclusions: Incidence of critical CAD in young adults is quite high. Young patients with CAD are mainly males, and SVD is more common. Comparative analysis of young patients with STEMI and NTEMI/ UA revealed that SVD was predominantly involved in STEMI group, whereas TVD was predominant in NSTEMI/UA group.

References

Gupta R, Guptha S, Sharma KK, Gupta A, Deedwania P. Regional variations in cardiovascular risk factors in India: India heart watch. World J Cardiol. 2012;4:112‑20.

World Health Organization. Global status report on noncommunicable diseases 2014. Geneva: World Health Organization;2014.

Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): Case‑control study. Lancet. 2004;364:937‑52.

Sharma M, Ganguly NK. Premature coronary artery disease in Indians and its associated risk factors. Vasc Health Risk Manag. 2005;1:217‑25.

Prajapati J, Jain S, Virpariya K, Rawal J, Joshi H, Sharma K, et al. Novel atherosclerotic risk factors and angiographic profile of young Gujarati patients with acute coronary syndrome. J Assoc Physicians India. 2014;62:584‑8.

Siddique MA, Shrestha MP, Salman M. Age related differences of risk profile and angiographic findings in patients with coronary heart disease. BSMMU J. 2010;3:13‑7.

Mammi MV, Pavithran K, Abdu Rahiman P, Pisharody R, Sugathan K. Acute myocardial infarction in north Kerala-A 20-year hospital based study. Indian Heart J. 1991;43:93‑6.

Kaul U, Bhatia V. Perspective on coronary interventions and cardiac surgeries in India. Indian J Med Res. 2010;132:543-8.

Prajapati J, Joshi H, Sahoo S, Virpariya K, Parmar M, Shah K. AGE-related differences of novel atherosclerotic risk factors and angiographic profile among gujarati acute coronary syndrome patients. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR. 2015 Jun;9(6):OC05.

Yıldırım N, Arat N, Doǧan MS, Sökmen Y, Özcan F. Comparison of traditional risk factors, natural history and angiographic findings between coronary heart disease patients with age< 40 and⩾ 40 years old. Anatolian J Cardiology/Anadolu Kardiyoloji Dergisi. 2007 Jun 1;7(2).

Badran HM, Elnoamany MF, Khalil TS, Eldin MM. Age-related alteration of risk profile, inflammatory response, and angiographic findings in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Clinical medicine. Cardiology. 2009 Jan;3:CMC-S2118.

Prajapati J, Jain S, Virpariya K, Rawal J, Joshi H, Sharma K, Roy B, Thakkar A. Novel atherosclerotic risk factors and angiographic profile of young Gujarati patients with acute coronary syndrome. J Assoc Physicians India. 2014 Jul;62(7):584-8.

Shah I, Faheem M, Shahzeb, Rafiullah, Hafizullah M. Clinical profile, angiographic characteristics and treatment recommendations in patients with coronary artery disease. J Pak Med Stud. 2013;3:94‑100.

Suresh G, Subramanyam K, Kudva S, Saya RP. Coronary artery disease in young adults: Angiographic study-A single-center experience. Heart India. 2016 Oct 1;4(4):132.

Deora S, Kumar T, Ramalingam R, Manjunath CN. Demographic and angiographic profile in premature cases of acute coronary syndrome: analysis of 820 young patients from South India. Cardiovascular diagnosis and therapy. Cardiovasc Diagn Ther. 2016;6(3):193-8.

Tamrakar R, Bhatt YD, Kansakar S, Bhattarai M, Shaha KB, Tuladhar E. Acute myocardial infarction in young adults: Study of risk factors, angiographic features and clinical outcome. Nepalese Heart Journal. 2014 Feb 1;10(1):12-6.

Maroszyńska-Dmoch EM, Wożakowska-Kapłon B. Clinical and angiographic characteristics of coronary artery disease in young adults: a single centre study. Kardiologia Polska (Polish Heart J). 2016;74(4):314-21.

Prajapati J, Joshi H, Sahoo S, Virpariya K, Parmar M, Shah K. AGE-related differences of novel atherosclerotic risk factors and angiographic profile among gujarati acute coronary syndrome patients. J clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR. 2015 Jun;9(6):OC05.

Foroughi M, Ahranjani S, Ebrahimian M, Saieedi M, Safi M, Abtahian Z. Coronary artery disease in Iranian young adults, similarities and differences. Open J Epidemiol. 2014 Jan 28;4(1):19-24.

Khadkikar GD, Mangudkar SS, Landge JA. Comparison of conventional risk factors, clinical and angiographic profile between younger and older coronary heart disease patients. Inter J Res Med Sci. 2016 Dec 25;4(2):567-70.

Arumugam C, Chokkalingam M, Ganesh N, Nayar PG, Ahamed AB, Nawaz Ahmed SK. A study of pattern of coronary artery disease in young south Indian population. Indian J Basic App Med Res. 2016;5(3):216-24.

Saghir T, Qamar N, Sial J. Coronary angiographic characteristics of coronary artery disease in young adults under age forty years compare to those over age forty. Pakistan Heart Journal. 2008;41(3).

Colkesen AY, Acil T, Demircan S, Sezgin AT, Muderrisoglu H. Coronary lesion type, location, and characteristics of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction in young adults under 35 years of age. Coronary artery disease. 2008 Aug 1;19(5):345-7.

Cole JH, Miller III JI, Sperling LS, Weintraub WS. Long-term follow-up of coronary artery disease presenting in young adults. J American College Cardiology. 2003 Feb 19;41(4):521-8.

Schoenenberger AW, Radovanovic D, Stauffer JC, Windecker S, Urban P, Niedermaier G, Keller PF, Gutzwiller F, Erne P. Acute coronary syndromes in young patients: presentation, treatment and outcome. Inter J cardiology. 2011 May 5;148(3):300-4.

Zimmerman FH, Cameron A, Fisher LD, Grace NG. Myocardial infarction in young patients: angiographic characterization, risk factors and prognosis (Coronary Artery Surgery Registry). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:654-61.

Yusuf S, Hawken S, Ounpuu S, Dans T, Avezum A, Lanas F, et al. Effect of potentially modifiable risk factors associated with myocardial infarction in 52 countries (the INTERHEART study): Case‑control study. Lancet. 2004;364:937‑52.

Sricharan KN, Rajesh S, Rashmi K, Meghana HC, Badiger S, Mathew S. Study of acute myocardial infarction in young adults: Risk factors, presentation and angiographic findings. J Clin Diagn Res. 2012;6:257-60.

Badran HM, Elnoamany MF, Khalil TS, Eldin MM. Age-related alteration of risk profile, inflammatory response, and angiographic findings in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Clin Med Cardiol. 2009;3:15‑28.

Christus T, Shukkur AM, Rashdan I, Koshy T, Alanbaei M, Zubaid M, et al. Coronary artery disease in patients aged 35 or less-A different beast? Heart Views. 2011;12:7‑11.

Downloads

Published

2018-06-25

How to Cite

Swain, L., & Routray, P. N. (2018). Demographic and clinic-angiographic profile of coronary artery disease in young adults: a retrospective observational study. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 6(7), 2264–2270. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182428

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles