Awareness of dental fluorosis among undergraduate dental students in Riyadh region: a survey based study

Authors

  • Reem AlDaiji Dental Intern, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • Malak Alotaibi Dental Intern, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • Dania Alnowaiser Dental Intern, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • Rawan Albahely Dental Intern, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • Rama Bachat Dental Intern, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • Alaa Alshayea Dental Intern, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  • Fatima Alotaibi Dental Intern, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20184739

Keywords:

Dental fluorosis, Dental students' knowledge, Topical fluoride

Abstract

Background: Fluoride protects the teeth from dental caries using the needed amount of fluoride products.

Methods: A Modified structured questionnaire has been validated through a pilot trial (20 responses) prior to administration that contains16 questions was distributed. Other than the demographics, the data were collected from 500 participants including undergraduate male and female dental students.

Results: The majority described the mild fluorosis appearance in the teeth according to Dean’s index appropriately as white opacity of the enamel (64%, n=320). On the other hand, only 31.1% (n=155) and 46% (n=229) described the moderate and severe fluorosis appearance in the teeth according to Dean’s index appropriately.

Conclusions: The dissemination and education about dental fluorosis is urgently needed and should be tailored to reach this population. The knowledge about causes of fluoride and the effect on dental fluorosis should be presented in the education.

References

Alvarez JA, Rezende KM, Marocho SM, Alves FB, Celiberti P, Ciamponi AL. Dental fluorosis: exposure, prevention and management. J Clin Exp Dent. 2009;1(1):14-8.

Alkhatib MN, Holt R, Bedi R. Aesthetically objectionable fluorosis in the United Kingdom. Br Dental J. 2004 Sep 25;197(6):325.

Almas K, Shakir ZF, Afzal M. Prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in Al-Qaseem province Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Tropical Dental J. 1999 Mar:44-7.

Arlappa N, Aatif Qureshi I, Srinivas R. Fluorosis in India: an overview. Int J Res Dev Health. 2013 Apr;1(2):97-102.

Clarkson J and O'mullane D. A modified DDE index for use in epidemiological studies of enamel defects. Clin Oral Invest. 2014;68(3):445-50

DenBesten P, Wu Li. Chronic fluoride toxicity: dental fluorosis. Monogr Oral Sci. 2011;22(81):4-6.

Ekstrand J, Fejerskov O, Silverstone L. Fluoride in dentistry. JAMA.1991;266 (22):2-8.

Ephraim-Emmanuel BC, Asara A. Ronamiogbomade A, Francis E. Prevalence of dental fluorosis among secondary school children in Oloibiri community. Int J Tropical Dis Health. 2016;11(1):1-7

Eugenio D. Beltrán-Aguilar, Barker L, Bruce A. Dye prevalence and severity of dental fluorosis in the United States. US. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Health Statistics. 2010;(53):1-5

Ferla JD, Rodrigues JA, dos Santos Leonetti E, Suguio K, Shibli JA, Cassoni A. Knowledge of dental fluorosis of undergraduate dental students at a private university in Brazil. North Am J Med Sci. 2010 Aug;2(8):371.

Van Der Hoek W, Ekanayake L, Rajasooriyar L, Karunaratne R. Source of drinking water and other risk factors for dental fluorosis in Sri Lanka. International J Environmental Health Res. 2003 Sep 1;13(3):285-93.

Khan SQ, Moheet IA, Farooq I, Farooqi FA, ArRejaie AS, Al Abbad MH, et al. Prevalence of dental fluorosis in school going children of Dammam, Saudi Arabia. J Dental Allied Sciences. 2015 Jul 1;4(2):69.

Kukleva MP. Risk factors for dental flurosis. Folia Medica. 2011;53(1):70-3.

Martins CC, Chalub L, Lima-Arsati YB, Pordeus IA, Paiva SM. Agreement in the diagnosis of dental fluorosis in central incisors performed by a standardized photographic method and clinical examination. Public Health Notebooks. 2009 May;25(5):1017-24.

Medina-Solis CE, Pontigo-Loyola AP, Maupome G, Lamadrid-Figueroa H, Loyola-Rodríguez JP, Hernández-Romano J, et al. Dental fluorosis prevalence and severity using Dean’s index based on six teeth and on 28 teeth. Clin Oral Investigations. 2008 Sep 1;12(3):197-202.

Mohamed AR, Thomson WM, Mackay TD. An epidemiological comparison of Dean's index and the Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) index. J Public Health Dentistry. 2010 Sep;70(4):344-7.

Freitas CH, Sampaio FC, Roncalli AG, Moyses SJ. Methodological discussion about prevalence of dental fluorosis on dental health surveys. J Public Health. 2013 Dec; 47:138-47.

Osujp OO, Leake JL, Chipman ML, Nikiforuk G, Locker D, Levine N. Risk factors for dental fluorosis in a fluoridated community. J Dental Res. 1988 Dec;67(12):1488-92.

Prathoshni SM, Priya VV, Parveen NS. Awareness of dental fluorosis among children: a survey. J Pharmaceut Sci Res. 2017; 9(4):459-461

Sabokseir A, Golkari A, Sheiham A. Distinguishing between enamel fluorosis and other enamel defects in permanent teeth of children. Peer J. 2016 Feb 25;4:e1745.

Sami E, Vichayanrat T, Satitvipawee P. Dental fluorosis and its relation to socioeconomic status, parents' knowledge and awareness among 12-year-old school children in Quetta, Pakistan. Southeast Asian J Tropical Med Public Health. 2015 Mar 1;46(2):360.

Shilpa R. Flurosis and its relation to dental caries: review. J Pharmaceut Sci Res.2017;9(7):1237-9.

Arora S, Kumar JV, Moss ME. Does water fluoridation affect the prevalence of enamel fluorosis differently among racial and ethnic groups?. J Public Health Dentistry. 2018 Mar;78(2):95-9.

Siddiqui AA, AlHobeira H, Mirza AJ, Alshammari AK, Alshammari BA, et al. Dental fluorosis in Saudi Arabia: a review of current literature. Ann Int Med Dental Res. 2017;3(3):44-9.

Funmilayo AS, Mojirade AD. Dental Fluorosis and its Indices, what’s new. J Dental Med Sci. 2014 Jul;13(7):55-60.

Verma A, Shetty BK, Guddattu V, Chourasia MK, Pundir P. High prevalence of dental fluorosis among adolescents is a growing concern: a school based cross-sectional study from Southern India. Environmental Health Prevent Med. 2017 Dec;22(1):17.

Wei Y, Zeng B, Zhang H, Chen C, Wu Y, Wang N, et al. iTRAQ-based proteomics analysis of serum proteins in wistar rats treated with sodium fluoride: insight into the potential mechanism and candidate biomarkers of fluorosis. Int J Mol Sci. 2016 Sep 28;17(10):6-16.

Whelton HP, Ketley CE, McSweeney F, O'mullane DM. A review of fluorosis in the European Union: prevalence, risk factors and aesthetic issues. Community Dentistry Oral Epidemiol. 2004 Apr;32:9-18.

Fluorides and human health. World Health Organization Monograph Series No. 59. Geneva; 1970:163-224.

Yadav R, Yadav A, Oberoi SS. Knowledge, attitude and aesthetic perceptions about dental fluorosis among 12-15 years old government school children in Farukh nagar, Haryana. J Oral Health Community Dentistry. 2014 Jan 1;8(1).

Downloads

Published

2018-11-26

How to Cite

AlDaiji, R., Alotaibi, M., Alnowaiser, D., Albahely, R., Bachat, R., Alshayea, A., & Alotaibi, F. (2018). Awareness of dental fluorosis among undergraduate dental students in Riyadh region: a survey based study. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 6(12), 3852–3859. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20184739

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles