Pattern of dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Punjab

Authors

  • Kusum Bali Department of Medicine, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar 144006, Punjab
  • Amarjit Singh Vij Department of Medicine, Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar 144006, Punjab

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20160523

Keywords:

Type 2 Diabetes mellitus, Dyslipidemia, India

Abstract

Background: India leads the world with the largest number of diabetic patients. The risk of mortality is high with cardiovascular disease in patients of diabetes mellitus which in turn is well associated with dyslipidemia. Patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus are usually dyslipidemic, even when under relatively good glycaemic control. Diabetic dyslipidemia usually includes elevated plasma triglycerides (TG), elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and decreased high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels but its pattern is also influenced by patient ethnicity. The objective of the study was to investigate the pattern of dyslipidemia in patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus attending a tertiary care hospital of Punjab.

Methods: A cross sectional study was performed on the consecutive patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus attending the Medicine OPD of Punjab Institute of Medical Sciences, Jalandhar over 6 months period (March 2015 to August 2015). The study included 285 patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus and the variables recorded were demographic characteristics, weight, height and fasting lipid profile parameters i.e. total cholesterol (TC), TG, LDL-C and HDL-C. The collected data was analyzed statistically using SPSS version 20 software.

Results: There were 55.1% male and 44.9% female with mean age 52.7 ± 11.43; 42.8% patients were urban and 57.2% rural. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 26.8 ± 5.48 (male: 25.4 ± 4.62 and female: 28 ± 5.31). Dyslipidemia was found in 81.8% patients. The most commonly elevated lipid was LDL-C (59.3%) followed by TG (57.2%) and TC (36.5%). The HDL-C was decreased in 34.4% patients. The distribution of dyslipidemia among the different age groups was almost similar: 82.6% in < 45 years, 82.9% in 45-60 years and 83.7% in > 60 years, the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.998).

Conclusions: Dyslipidemia is highly prevalent in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Punjab. The patients of all age groups are affected similarly. The patients of type 2 diabetes mellitus should be made aware of dyslipidemia and the consequent increased risk for cardiovascular diseases. The complete lipid profile should be evaluated and dyslipidemia should be treated. This would significantly reduce cardiovascular morbidity and mortality among the type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.

 

References

Mohan V, Sandeep S, Deepa R, Shah B, Varghese C. Epidemiology of type 2 diabetes: Indian scenario. Indian J Med Res. 2007;125:217-30.

Anjana RM, Pradeepa R, Deepa M, Datta M, Sudha V, Unnikrishnan R. ICMR–INDIAB Collaborative Study Group. Prevalence of diabetes and prediabetes (impaired fasting glucose and/or impaired glucose tolerance) in urban and rural India: Phase I results of the Indian Council of Medical Research India Diabetes (ICMR INDIAB) study. Diabetologia. 2011;54:3022-7.

Gavin JR. Report of the expert committee on the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 1998;21(1):5-519.

O’Brien T, Nguyen TT, Zimmerman BR. Hyperlipidemia and diabetes mellitus. Mayo Clin Proc. 1998;73(10):969-76.

Ginsberg HN. Identification and treatment of hypertriglyceridemia as a risk factor for coronary heart disease. Curr Cardiol Rep. 1999;1(3):233-7.

Farmer JA. Diabetic dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis: Evidence from clinical trials. Curr Diab Rep. 2008;8:71-7.

National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III) Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert Panel on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Cholesterol in Adults (Adult Treatment Panel III. Circulation. 2002;106(25):3143-21.

Misra A, Pandey RM, Devi JR, Sharma R, Vikram NK, Khanna N. High prevalence of diabetes, obesity and dyslipidaemia in urban slum population in northern India. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2001;25:1722-9.

Eknoyan G. Adolphe Quetelet. The average man and indices of obesity. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2007;23(1):47-51.

Saydah SH, Fradkin J, Cowie CC. Poor control of risk factors for vascular disease among adults with previously diagnosed diabetes. JAMA. 2004;291:335-42.

O’Keefe JH, Miles JM, Harris WH, Moe RM, McCallister BD. Improving the adverse cardiovascular prognosis of Type 2 diabetes. Mayo Clin Proc. 1999;74:171-80.

Ethnicity and cardiovascular disease. The incidence of myocardial infarction in white, South Asian, and Afro Caribbean patients with type 2 diabetes (U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study 32). Diabetes Care. 1998;21(8):1271-7.

Masram SW, Bimanpalli MV, Ghangle, S. Study of lipid profile and glycated hemoglobin in Diabetes mellitus. Indian Medical Gazette. 2012;257-65.

Parikh RM, Joshi SR, Menon PS, Shash NS. Prevalence and Pattern of Diabetic Dyslipidemia in Indian type 2 Diabetic patients. Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome. Clinical Research and Review. 2010;4(1):10-12.

U.K. Prospective Diabetes Study 27. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins at diagnosis of NIDDM by age and sex. Diabetes Care. 1997;20(11):1683-7.

Cowie CC, Howard BV, Harris MI. Serum lipoproteins in African Americans and whites with non-insulin dependent diabetes in the US population. Circulation. 1994;90(3):1185-93.

Smith S, Lall AM. A Study on Lipid Profile Levels of Diabetics and Non-Diabetics Among Naini Region of Allahabad, India. Turk J Biochem. 2008;33(4):138-41.

Rani HS, Madhavi G, Rao VR, Sahay BK, Jyothy A. Risk factors for coronary heart disease in type II diabetes mellitus. Indian J Clin Biochem. 2005;20(2):75-80.

Keech A, Colquhoun D, Best J, Kirby A, Simes RJ, Hunt D. LIPID Study Group. Secondary prevention of cardiovascular events with long-term pravastatin in patients with diabetes or impaired fasting glucose: results from the LIPID trial. Diabetes care. 2003;26(10):2713-21.

Downloads

Published

2016-12-27

How to Cite

Bali, K., & Vij, A. S. (2016). Pattern of dyslipidemia in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Punjab. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 4(3), 809–812. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20160523

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles