Insomnia among medical students: a cross-sectional study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20190944Keywords:
Depression, Demographic, Insomnia, Neuro-cognitiveAbstract
Background: Insomnia, the most common sleep disorder, is the perception or complaint of inadequate or poor-quality sleep because of one or more of the following conditions: difficulty in falling asleep, frequent waking up during the night with difficulty for returning to sleep, waking up too early in the morning, or unrefreshing sleep. It is the most common sleep related complaint reported in the primary care setting. Medical students are specially at risk of developing insomnia and its consequences. This study evaluates the prevalence and severity of insomnia in medical students in relation to certain socio-demographic factors like age, sex and class of education.
Methods: A questionnaire based study was done on 135 medical students of Nishtar Medical University, Multan chosen on basis of random sampling to test the prevalence of insomnia using Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS). Out of these students 75 were males and 60 were females. Students were interviewed to obtain information about age, sex and academic year of education.
Results: According to Athens insomniac scale scoring, 55 (40.74%) students were found insomniac while 80 (59.25%) were non-insomniac. Out of 55 insomniac students, 23 (41.81%) were males while 32 (58.18%) were females. Likewise, out of 80 non-insomniac students, 52 (65%) were males while 28 (35%) were females. The prevalence of insomnia in medical students was found to be increased with the increasing age. It was found that the females have more insomnia prevalence as well as more severe signs and symptoms of insomnia. Moreover, final year students tend to show more prevalence and severity of insomnia than their juniors.
Conclusions: According to this study, 2 out of every 5 students were insomniac. Demographic comparison showed that the prevalence and severity of insomnia was more in females and final year students. Also, it was increasing side by side with increasing age.Metrics
References
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic Criteria from dsm-iv-tr. American Psychiatric Pub; 2000.
World Health Organization. The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders: clinical descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva, Switzerland, 1992. Available at: https://www.who.int/classifications/icd/en/bluebook.pdf.
Heath AC, Kendler KS, Eaves LJ, Martin NG. Evidence for genetic influences on sleep disturbance and sleep pattern in twins. Sleep. 1990;13(4):318-35.
Davidson JR, MacLean AW, Brundage MD, Schulze K. Sleep disturbance in cancer patients. Social Sci Med. 2002;54(9):1309-21.
Ferrara M, De Gennaro L. How much sleep do we need? Sleep Med Rev. 2001;5:155-79.
Wong JG, Patil NG, Beh SL, Cheung EP, Wong V, Chan LC, et al. Cultivating psychological well-being in Hong Kong’s future doctors. Med Teach. 2005;27:715-9.
Ohayon MM, Guilleminault C. Epidemiology of sleep disorders. Sleep: A Comprehensive Handbook. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley-Liss; 2006.
Foley DJ, Monjan AA, Brown SL, Simonsick EM, Wallace RB, Blazer DG. Sleep complaints among elderly persons: an epidemiologic study of three communities. Sleep. 1995;18(6):425-32.
Ibrahim JM, Abouelezz NF. Relationship between insomnia and computer use among students at Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt. Egyptian J Comm Med. 2011 Apr;29(2).
Giri P, Baviskar M, Phalke D. Study of sleep habits and sleep problems among medical students of Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences Loni, Western Maharashtra, India. Ann Med Health Sci Res. 2013;3:51-4.
Campos-Morales RM, Valencia-Flores M, Castaño-Meneses A, Castañeda-Figueiras S, Martínez-Guerrero J. Sleepiness, performance and mood state in a group of Mexican undergraduate students. Biological Rhythm Res. 2005 Feb 1;36(1-2):9-13.
Rodriguez R, Viegas C, Abreu S, Tavares P. Daytime sleepiness and academic performance in medical students. Arq. Neuro-Psiquiatr. 2002;60(1):12-23.
Chang PP, Ford DE, Mead LA, Cooper-Patrick L, Klag MJ. Insomnia in young men and subsequent depression. The Johns Hopkins Precursors Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1997;146:105-14.
Ford DE, Kamerow DB. Epidemiologic study of sleep disturbances and psychiatric disorders. An opportunity for prevention? JAMA. 1989;262:1479-84.
Ohayon MM, Caulet M, Priest RG, Guilleminault C. DSM-IV and ICSD-90 insomnia symptoms and sleep dissatisfaction. Br J Psychiatry. 1997;171:382-8.
Abdulghani HM, Alrowais NA, Bin-Saad NS, Al-Subaie NM, Haji AM, Alhaqwi AI. Sleep disorder among medical students: relationship to their academic performance. Med Teach. 2012;34Suppl 1:S37-41.
Atkinson G, Davenne D. Relationship between sleep, physical activity and human health. Physiol Behav. 2007;90(2-3):229-35.
Shah M, Hasan S, Malik S, Sreeramareddy CT. Perceived stress, sources and severity of stress among medical undergraduates in a Pakistani medical school. BMC Med Educ. 2010;10:2
Lund HG, Reider BD, Whiting AB, Prichard JR. Sleep patterns and predictors of disturbed sleep in a large population of college students. J Adolesc Heal. 2010;46:124-32.
Eller T, Aluoja A, Vasar V, Veldi M. Symptoms of anxiety and depression in Estonian medical students with sleep problems. Depress Anxiety. 2006;23:250-6.
Nojomi M, Ghalhe Bandi MF, Kaffashi S. Sleep pattern in medical students and residents. Arch Iran Med. 2009;12:542-9.
Kazim M, Abrar A. Sleep patterns and academic performance in students of a medical college in Pakistan. KUST Med J. 2011;3(2):57-60.
Gonzalez DM, Obermeyer WH, Benca RM. Comorbidity of Insomnia with medical and Psychiatric disorders. Primary Psychiatry. 2002;9(8);37-49.
Lind MJ, Aggen SH, Kirkpatrick RM, Kendler KS, Amstadter AB. A longitudinal twin study of insomnia symptoms in adults. Sleep. 2015 Sep 1;38(9):1423-30.
Dualat R, Afribi I, Lal C, Khan MAW, Taufiq F, Gemnani VK. Frequency of insomnia among medical students and its correlation with demographic variable. 2017;14(2):29-9.
Pagel JF, Kwiatkowski CF. Sleep complaints affecting school performance at different educational levels. Frontiers in Neurol. 2010 Nov 16;1:125.
Medeiros AL, Mendes DB, Lima PF, Araujo JF. The relationships between sleep-wake cycle and academic performance in medical students. Biol Rhythm Res. 2001;32(2):263-70.
Veldi M, Aluoja A, Vasar V. Sleep quality and more common sleep-related problems in medical students. Sleep medicine. 2005 May 1;6(3):269-75.
Ram S, Seirawan H, Kumar SK, Clark GT. Prevalence and impact of sleep disorders and sleep habits in the United States. Sleep Breathing. 2010 Feb 1;14(1):63-70.
Pilcher JJ, Walters AS. How sleep deprivation affects psychological variables related to college students' cognitive performance. J Am Coll Heal. 1997 Nov 1;46(3):121-6.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
