Forging a link between bacterial biofilms and drug resistance: an unsolved mystery
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20164206Keywords:
Antibiotic resistance, Biofilms, Ciprofloxacin, Pseudomonas aeruginosaAbstract
Background: Though use of various medical devices as indwelling catheters, cardiac pacemakers, prosthetic heart valves, chronic ambulatory peritoneal dialysis catheters, and prosthetic joints has greatly facilitated management of serious illness. Bacterial strategies to colonize and grow as biofilms on these devices are major cause of morbidity among patients receiving prosthesis.
Methods: Fifty Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) strains isolated from the urine samples of catheterized patients were subjected to biofilm detection by Tissue Culture Plate method and MIC of ciprofloxacin was determined against them using broth dilution method.
Results: In our study 50 (7.69%) P. aeruginosa isolates were subjected to biofilm screening by TCP. Among 50 isolates, TCP method detected 40 (80.00%) biofilm producers. Out of which 28/50 (56.00%) were high, 12/50 (24.00%) were moderate and 10/50 (20%) were non/weak biofilm producers. MIC for ciprofloxacin was detected for P. aeruginosa strains at various concentrations (0.25ug/ml -8ug/ml). We observed that the MIC range for high biofilm producing P. aeruginosa was between 4- 8ug/ml, whereas for non-biofilm producers MIC range varies from 0.25 to 1ug/ml. Thus, biofilm can pose a threat in patient treatment.
Conclusions: The armament of various bacteriostatic or bactericidal agents available to treat infections are restricted to act in planktonic phase and these agents did not take into account the unique biology of bacterial biofilms. Thus, bacteria growing as biofilm communities often result in troublesome complications as persistent infections, which cannot be resolved with standard antibiotic treatments. As, biofilm communities embedded in exopolysaccharide have not been considered until recently, therapeutic strategies to treat them are not available yet.
Metrics
References
Kokare CR, Chakraborty S, Khopade AN, Mahadik KR. Biofilm: Importance and Applications. Indian J. Biotechnol. 2009;8:159-68.
Costerton JW, Lewandowski Z, Caldwell DE, Korber DR, Lappin-Scott HM. Microbial biofilms. Annu Rev Microbiol. 1995;49:711-45.
Costerton JW, Stewart PS, Greenberg EP. Bacterial biofilms:a common cause of persistent infections. Science. 1999;284(5418):1318-22.
Stewart PS, Costerton JW. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms. Lancet. 2001;358:135-8.
Collee JG, Duguid JP, Fraser AG, Marmion BP, Simmons A. Laboratory strategy in the diagnosis of infective syndrome. In Collee JG, Fraser AG, Marmion BP, Simmons A, editors. Mackie & McCartney Practical Medical Microbiology. 14th ed. New Delhi: Elsevier, a division of Reed Elsevier India Pvt. Ltd. 2006:53-94.
Christensen GD, Simpson WA, Younger JA, Baddour LM, Barrett FF, Melton DM. Adherence of cogulase negative Staphylococi to plastic tissue cultures:a quantitative model for the adherence of staphylococci to medical devices. J Clin Microbiol. 1985;22:996-1006.
Mathur T, Singhal S, Khan S, Upadhyay DJ, Fatma T, Batra A. Detection of biofilm formulation among the clinical isolates of Staphylococci:An evaluation of three different screening methods. Indian J Microbiol. 2006;24(1):25-9.
Rosen T. The fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents. Prog Med Chem. 1990; 27:235-95.
Wayne PA. Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute 2006. Performance standards for Antimicrobial disc diffusion tests. Approved Standards, 9th ed.; sixteenth informational supplement M2-M9. 2006;26.
Charan KG, Maral Sanjivini S.Biofilm formation and antimicrobial resistance pattern among uropathogens.Int J Med Res H Sci. 2015;4(2):339-44.
Salih MT, AL-Ani NF. Microbiological aspects in Biofilm produced by some uropathogens isolated from patients with indwelling bladder catheters. Raf J Sci. 2013;24(1):1-16.
Pramodhini S, Niveditha S, Umadevi S, Shailesh K, Stephen S. Antibiotic resistance pattern of biofilm forming uropathogens isolated from catheterized patients in Pondicherry, India. Aus Med J. 2012;5(7):344-8.
Abdallah NMA, Elsayed SB, Yassin MM, Mostafa, Elgohary GM. Biofilm forming bacteria isolated from urinary tract infection, relation to catheterization and susceptibility to antibiotics. Int J Biotechnol Mol Biol Res. 2011;2(10):172-8.
Nagaveni S, Rajeshwari H, Oli AK, Patil SA, Chandrakanth RK. Evaluation of biofilm forming ability of the multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The Bioscan. 2010;5(4):563-6.
Elkhatib W, Noreddin A. In vitro antibiofilm efficacies of different antibiotic combinations with Zinc sulphate against P.aeruginosa recovered from hospitalised patients with urinary tract Infection. Antibiotics. 2014(3):64-84.
Johansen TEB. Nosocomially acquired urinary tract infections in urology departments, why an international prevalence study is needed in urology. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2004;23S:S30-4.
Tambyah PA. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections: diagnosis and prophylaxis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2004;24S:S44-8.
Hashmi S, Kelly E, Rogers SO, Gates J. Urinary tract infection in surgical patients. Am J Surg. 2003;186:53-6.
Langley JM. Defining urinary tract infection in the critically ill child. Pediatr Crit Care Med. 2005;6:25-9.
Lohr JA, Downs SM, Dudley S, Donowitz LG. Hospital-acquired urinary tract infections in the pediatric patient: a prospective study. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1994;13:8-12.
Stewart PS, Costerton JW. Antibiotic resistance of bacteria in biofilms. Lancet. 2001;358(9276):135-8.
Mathavi SK, Gopinathan S, Kondian RR, Priyadharsini I. Prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance among gram negative bacilli in tertiary care hospital. J Clin Diagn Res. 2012;6(2):180-1.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
