Analysis of serum leptin levels as a biomarker in metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetic patients in Okhla industrial area
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20195013Keywords:
Leptin, Metabolic syndrome, Obesity, Type 2 diabetes mellitusAbstract
Background: Metabolic syndrome is a progressive disorder which includes a wide array of disorders i.e. central obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, and insulin resistance. In patients with metabolic syndrome there is an increased risk of mortality due to coronary heart disease, stroke, vascular dysfunction etc. Obesity is one of the most crucial epidemics of modern times and hormone leptin plays an important role in regulation of body weight and energy balance.
Methods: A total of 355 individuals were selected from the OPD, Department of general medicine at ESIC hospital, Okhla and it comprised of 196 males and 159 females suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus with metabolic syndrome. The data was collected over a year i.e. June 2018 to July 2019. After baseline clinical and anthropometric evaluation, Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Post Prandial Blood Sugar (PPBS), lipid profile, Insulin (fasting), and leptin levels of the patients were analyzed.
Results: Blood sugar fasting, blood sugar post prandial, lipid profile, leptin and insulin levels were increased significantly in female patients as compared to male patients with type 2 diabetic patients and metabolic syndrome.
Conclusions: Based on the study results, it was found that leptin correlate significantly with metabolic syndrome and could be used as a biomarker for the early detection of the disease.
References
Huising MO, Kruiswijk CP, Flik G. Phylogeny and evolution of class-I helical cytokines. J Endocrinol. 2006 Apr;189(1):1-25.
Tartaglia LA, Dembski M, Weng X, Deng N, Culpepper J, Devos R, et al. Identification and expression cloning of a leptin receptor, OB-R. Cell. 1995 Dec 29;83(7):1263-71.
Chehab FF, Mounzih K, Lu R, Lim ME. Early onset of reproductive function in normal female mice treated with leptin. Science. 1997 Jan 3;275(5296):88-90.
Myers Jr MG, Leibel RL, Seeley RJ, Schwartz MW. Obesity and leptin resistance: distinguishing cause from effect. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2010 Nov 1;21(11):643-51.
Zhang Y, Proenca R, Maffei M, Barone M, Leopold L, Friedman JM. Positional cloning of the mouse obese gene and its human homologue. Nature. 1994 Dec;372(6505):425-32.
Bonora E. The metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Annals Med. 2006 Jan 1;38(1):64-80.
Singh N. Metabolic syndrome: Practice Essentials ,Backgroung, Pathophysiology. J Heart Stroke 2018;3(1):1044.ISSN: 2475-5702.
Sawant A, Mankeshwar R, Shah S, Raghavan R, Dhongde G, Raje H, et al. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in urban India. Cholesterol. 2011 May 19;2011:920-83.
Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, Donato KA, Eckel RH, Franklin BA, et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute scientific statement. Circulation. 2005 Oct 25;112(17):2735-52.
Yun JE, Kimm H, Jo J, Jee SH. Serum leptin is associated with metabolic syndrome in obese and nonobese Korean populations. Metabolism. 2010 Mar 1;59(3):424-9.
Galletti F, Barbato A, Versiero M, Iacone R, Russo O, Barba G, et al. Circulating leptin levels predict the development of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged men: an 8-year follow-up study. J Hypertension. 2007 Aug 1;25(8):1671-7.
Franks PW, Brage S, Luan JA, Ekelund U, Rahman M, Farooqi IS, et al. Leptin predicts a worsening of the features of the metabolic syndrome independently of obesity. Obes Res. 2005 Aug;13(8):1476-84.
Considine RV, Sinha MK, Heiman ML, Kriauciunas A, Stephens TW, Nyce MR, et al. Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans. N Eng J Med. 1996 Feb 1;334(5):292-5.
Myers MG, Cowley MA, Münzberg H. Mechanisms of leptin action and leptin resistance. Annu. Rev. Physiol. 2008 Mar 17;70:537-56.
Zhao YF, Feng DD, Chen C. Contribution of adipocyte-derived factors to beta-cell dysfunction in diabetes. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2006 May 1;38(5-6):804-19.
Scuteri A, Orru M, Morrell C, Piras MG, Taub D, Schlessinger D, et al. Independent and additive effects of cytokine patterns and the metabolic syndrome on arterial aging in the SardiNIA Study. Atherosclerosis. 2011 Apr 1;215(2):459-64.
Stallmeyer B, Kämpfer H, Pfeilschifter J, Frank S, Podda M, Kaufmann R. A novel keratinocyte mitogen: regulation of leptin and its functional receptor in skin repair. J Invest Dermatol. 2001 Jul 1;117(1):98-105.
Kotani K, Tokunaga K, Fujioka S, Kobatake T, Keno Y, Yoshida S, et al. Sexual dimorphism of age-related changes in whole-body fat distribution in the obese. Internat J Obesity Related Metabolic Disorders: J Intern Assoc Study Obesity. 1994 Apr;18(4):207-2.
Chung JO, Cho DH, Chung DJ, Chung MY. Associations among body mass index, insulin resistance, and pancreatic β-cell function in Korean patients with new-onset type 2 diabetes. Korean J Internal Med. 2012 Mar;27(1):66-71.
Das PI, Bhattacharjee DE, Bandyopadhyay SK, Bhattacharya GO, Singh RA. Association of obesity and leptin with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus in Indian population. Ind J Physiol Pharmacol. 2013 Jan;57(1):45-50.
Boyko EJ, de Courten M, Zimmet PZ, Chitson P, Tuomilehto J, Alberti KG. Features of the metabolic syndrome predict higher risk of diabetes and impaired glucose tolerance: a prospective study in Mauritius. Diabetes care. 2000 Sep 1;23(9):1242-8.
Mohiti J, Afkhami M, Babaei A. Relation between leptin and insulin in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. Int J Endocrinol Metab. 2005 Jan 1;3(3):121-5.
Mcneely MJ, Boyko EJ, Weigle DS, Shofer JB, Chessler SD, Leonnetti DL, et al. Association between baseline plasma leptin levels and subsequent development of diabetes in Japanese Americans. Diabetes Care. 1999 Jan 1;22(1):65-70.
Fogteloo J, Meinders E, Frölich M, McCamish M, Pijl H. The decline in plasma leptin in response to calorie restriction predicts the effects of adjunctive leptin treatment on body weight in humans. Europ J Internal Med. 2003 Nov 1;14(7):415-8.
Li WC, Hsiao KY, Chen IC, Chang YC, Wang SH, Wu KH. Serum leptin is associated with cardiometabolic risk and predicts metabolic syndrome in Taiwanese adults. Cardiovascul Diabetol. 2011 Dec;10(1):36.
