Etiological profile in patients with heart failure
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20203092Keywords:
Brain natriuretic peptide, Coronary artery disease, Dilated cardiomyopathy ejection fraction, Heart failure, Killip class, Myocardial infarction, New York heart association functional class, Troponine IAbstract
Background: The incidence and prevalence rates of heart failure (HF) are increasing worldwide. The prevalence of HF rises exponentially with increasing age and affects 4% to 8% of people older than 65. The leading causes of HF in India include coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes, hypertension, rheumatic valvular heart diseases and primary cardiac muscle diseases. Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is still a common cause of HF in India. Epidemiological studies have estimated that 1.5% to 2% population experience HF and it is the main reason for hospital admission of elderly patients. The objective of this study was to establish the etiological factors of heart failure
Methods: A cross sectional study of 150 patients above the age of 18 years presented with heart failure diagnosed clinically on the basis of Framingham heart failure criteria and echocardiography, done over a period of one year in department of medicine in BRD medical college Gorakhpur Uttar Pradesh.
Results: A total of 150 patients were include in this analysis the majority of patients were male (57.3%). Age of patients ranged from 18 - 70 years and 84% patients were above the age of 40 years.
Conclusions: Heart failure was more prevalent in elderly male above 40 years of age. Myocardial infarction, DCMP, rheumatic heart disease and hypertensive heart failure are the common etiology leading to heart failure.
References
Lee DS, Austin PC, Rouleau JL, Liu PP, Naimark D, Tu JV. Predicting mortality among patients hospitalized for heart failure: derivation and validation of a clinical model. JAMA. 2003;290:2581-7.
Lee DS, Tu JV, Juurlink DN, Alter DA, Ko DT, Austin PC, et al. Risk-treatment mismatch in the pharmacotherapy of heart failure. JAMA. 2005;294:1240-7.
Vasan RS, Larson MG, Benjamin EJ, Evans JC, Reiss CK, Levy D. Congestive heart failure in subjects with normal versus reduced left ventricular ejection fraction: prevalence and mortality in a population-based cohort. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:1948-55.
Owan TE, Hodge DO, Herges RM, Jacobsen SJ, Roger VL, Redfield MM. Trends in prevalence and outcome of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:251-9.
Ho KK, Anderson KM, Kannel WB, Grossman W, Levy D. Survival after the onset of congestive heart failure in Framingham Heart Study subjects. Circulat. 1993;88:107-15.
Devasia T, Nandibandi SD, Bhat R, Kareem H, Thakkar A. Clinical profile and treatment management of heart failure with preserved systolic function in rural setting of India. Int J Clin Med. 2014;5:171-6.
Cowie M, Mosterd A, Wood DA, Deckers JW, Poole-Wilson PA, Sutton G, et al. The epidemiology of heart failure. Euro Heart J. 1997;18:208-25.
Reddy S, Bahl A, Talwar KK. Congestive heart failure in Indians: How do we improve diagnosis and management? Indian J Med Res. 2010;132(5):549-60.
Sainani GS, Sainani AR. Rheumatic fever - how relevant in India Today? JAPI. 2006;54:42-7.
Lalchandani AD, Godara M, Mathiyalagan N. Section 10: valvular heart disease. chapter 106: rheumatic heart disease: epidemiology and management. Available at: http://www.csi.org.in/Cardio_pdf/ SEC_10/Ch-106. Accessed on 12th September 2019.
Lloyd-Jones DM, Larson MG, Leip EP, Beiser A, D’Agostino RB, Kannel WB, et al. Lifetime risk for developing congestive heart failure: the Framingham heart study. Circulat. 2002;106:3068-72.
National Commission on Population, Government of India. Available at: http:// populationcommission.nic.in/. Accessed on 14th September 2019.
Gupta R, Joshi P, Mohan V, Reddy KS, Yusuf S. Epidemiology and causation of coronary heart disease and stroke in India. Heart. 2008;94:16-26.
Fox KM. European trial on reduction of cardiac events with perindopril in stable coronary artery disease investigators. Efficacy of perindopril in reduction of cardiovascular events among patients with stable coronary artery disease: Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre trial (the EUROPA study). Lancet. 2003;362:782-8.
World Health Organization. Geneva: Switzerland: The WHO Global InfoBase. Available at: https:// who.int/Infobase. Accessed on 12th September 2019.
Hansson L, Zanchetti A, Carruthers SG, Dahlöf B, Elmfeldt D, Julius S, et al. HOT study group. Effects of intensive blood-pressure lowering and low-dose aspirin in patients with hypertension: principal results of the hypertension optimal treatment (HOT) randomised trial. Lancet. 1998;351:1755-62.
Neal B, MacMahon S, Chapman N. blood pressure lowering treatment trialists’ collaboration. effects of ace inhibitors, calcium antagonists, and other blood-pressure-lowering drugs. Lancet. 2000;356:1955-64.
Thakur JS, Negi PC, Ahluwalia SK, Vaidya NK. Epidemiological survey of rheumatic heart disease among school children in the Shimla hills of northern India: prevalence and risk factors. J Epidemiol Community Health. 1996;50:62-7.
Manyemba J, Mayosi BM. Penicillin for secondary prevention of rheumatic fever. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2002;3:CD002227.
Ali MK, Narayan KM, Mohan V. Innovative research for equitable diabetes care in India. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2009;86:155-67.
WHO. Coping with health care costs: Implications for the measurement of catastrophic expenditures and poverty: Health system performance assessment. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2003.
Prabhakaran D, Yusuf S, Mehta S, Pogue J, Avezum A, Budaj A, et al. Two-year outcomes in patients admitted with non-ST elevation acute coronary syndrome: results of the OASIS registry 1 and 2. Indian Heart J. 2005;57:217-25.
Mackness MI, Arrol S, Abbott C, Durrington PN. Protection of low-density lipoprotein against oxidative modification by high-density lipoprotein associated paraoxonase. Atherosclerosis. 1993;104:129-35.
Tso C, Martinic G, Fan WH, Rogers C, Rye KA, Barter PJ. High-density lipoproteins enhance progenitor-mediated endothelium repair in mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 2006;26:1144-9.
Yancy CW, Jessup M, Bozkurt B, Butler J, Casey DE, Drazner MH, et al. ACCF/AHA guideline for the management of heart failure: A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:147-239.
