Prevalence of flat foot among medical students and its impact on quality of life and functionality

Authors

  • G. Pavan Kalyan Reddy Employees’ State Insurance Corporation Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
  • Prajakta Kishve Department of Anatomy, Employees’ State Insurance Corporation Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20211355

Keywords:

Arch index, Flat foot, Foot posture index, Navicular drop test

Abstract

Background: Flat foot also called pes planus/fallen arches is common deformity in adults. The present study was undertaken to investigate the prevalence of flat foot among medical students and to find out the association of flat foot with age, gender, body mass index (BMI), foot length and its impact on quality of life and functionality.

Methods: A total of 300 medical students of age group 17-23 years were investigated for the presence of flat foot by using navicular drop (ND) test, arch index (AI) and foot posture index (FPI). The data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS software.

Results: Prevalence of bilateral flat foot was 11.6% (8.3% were females and 3.3% were males). Unilateral was 3% (2% were females and 1% were males) and the correlation of ND, AI, FPI with gender, age was not significant and with BMI, weight was highly significant.

Conclusions: Our study showed the presence of bilateral flat foot in 11.6% and unilateral in 3% students. Flat foot is associated with BMI, weight and slightly associated with foot length, height and it is not associated with age, gender. Flat foot effected the quality of life and functionality of the students whose BMI is more.

 

 

Author Biographies

G. Pavan Kalyan Reddy, Employees’ State Insurance Corporation Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Medical student

Prajakta Kishve, Department of Anatomy, Employees’ State Insurance Corporation Medical College, Hyderabad, Telangana, India

Professor and Head of the department

Department of Anatomy

References

Shih YF, Chen CY, Chen WY, Lin HC. Lower extremity kinematics in children with and without flexible flat foot: a comparative study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disord. 2012;13:31.

Ozan F, Dogar F, Gencer K, Koyuncu, Vatansever F, Dugulu F, et al. Symptomatic flexible flat foot in adults: subtalar arthroereisis: Therap Clin Manage. 2015;11:1597-602.

Bhoir MT. prevalence of flat foot among 18 to 25 years old physiotherapy students: cross sectional study. Indian J Basic Appl Med Res. 2014;3(4):272-78.

Pita-Fernandez, S., Gonzalez-Martin, C., Alonso-Tajes, F., Seoane-Pillado, T., Pertega-Diaz, S., Perez-Garcia, S., Seijo-Bestilleiro, R., & Balboa-Barreiro, V. Flat Foot in a Random Population and its Impact on Quality of Life and Functionality. J Clinic Diagnost Res. 2017;11(4), LC22–7.

Chang YW, Hung YW, Wu HW. Measurements of foot arch in standing, level walking, vertical jump and sprint start. Int J Sport Exerc Sci. 2010;2(2):31-8.

Yalcin N, Esen E, Kanatali V, Yetkin H. Evaluation of medial longitudinal arch: a comparison between the dynamic plantar pressure measurement system and radiographic analysis. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 2010;44(3):241-5.

Walczak M, Napiontek M. Flexible flatfoot in children, a controversial subject. Ortop Pol. 2003;68(4):261-7.

Vittore D, Patella V, Petrera M, Caizzi G, Ranieri M, Putgnano P, et al. Extensor deficiency: first cause of childhood flexible flat foot. Orthopaedics. 2009;32(1):28.

Milenković S, Živković M, Bubanj S, Živković D, Stanković R, Bubanj R, Purenović T, Stojiljković D, Obradović B, Dimić A, Cvetković T. Incidence of flat foot in high school students. Phys Educ Sport. 2011;9(3):275-81.

Aenumulapalli A, Kulkarni MM, Gandotra AR. Prevalence of flexible flat foot in adults: A cross-sectional study. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR. 2017 Jun;11(6):AC17-20.

Charlesworth SJ, Johansen SM. Navicular drop test user guide and manual. Semantic Scholar. 2010.

Brody DM. Techniques in the evaluation and treatment of injured runner. Orthopaed Clin North Am. 1982;13(3):541-58.

Roy H, Bhattacharya K, Ray K. Arch index; an easier approach for arch height-Al Ameen J Med Sci. 2012;5(2):137-46.

Morrison SC, Ferrari J. Inter rater reliability of the foot posture index (FPI-6) in the assessment of the pediatric foot. J Foot Ankle Res. 2009;2:26.

Redmond AC, Crosbie J, Ouvrier RA, Development and validation of a novel rating system for scoring standing foot posture. The Foot Posture Index. Clin Biomech. 2006;21:89-98.

Pourghasem M, Kamali N, Farsi M, Soltanpour N. Prevalence of flatfoot among school students and its relationship with BMI. Acta Orthop Traumatol Turcic. 2016;50(5):554-7.

Ganapathy A, Sadeesh T, Rao S. Morphometric analysis of foot in young adult individuals. World J Pharm Pharm Sci. 2015;4(8):980-93.

Queen RM, Mall NA, Hardaker WM, Nunley JA 2nd. Describing the medial longitudinal arch using footprint indices and a clinical grading system. Foot Ankle Int. 2007;28(4):456-62

Nielsen RG, Rathleff MS, Simonsen OH, Langberg H. Determination of normal values for navicular drop during walking: a new model correcting for foot length and gender. J Foot Ankle Res. 2009;2:12.

Ukoha UU, Egwu OA, Okafor IJ, Ogugua PC, Igwenagu VU. Pes planus: incidence among an adult population in Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria. Int J Biomed Adv Res. 2012;3(3):166-8.

Pranati T, YuvrajBabu K, Ganesh K. Assessment of plantar arch index and prevalence of flat feet among South Indian Adolescent Population. J Pharm Sci Res. 2017; 9(4):490-492.

Butler RJ, Hillstrom H, Song J, Richards CJ, Davis IS. Arch height index measurement system: establishment of reliability and normative values. J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2008;98(2):102. Erratum in: J Am Podiatr Med Assoc. 2008;98(4):277.

Eluwa MA, Omini RB, Kpela TB, Ekanem, Akpantah. The incidence of pes planus amongst Akwa Ibom state students in the University of Calabar. Internet J Forens Sci. 2009;3(2).

Umar MBT, Adeyemi P. Incidence of flat foot and anthropometric comparison between flat and normal foot of the Yoruba Ehtnic Group of Nigeria. Res J Appl Sci. 2010;5:412-6.

Askary Kachoosangy R, Aliabadi F, Ghorbani M. Prevalence of flat foot: comparison between male and female primary school students. Iranian Rehabil J. 2013;11(3):22-4.

Downloads

Published

2021-03-26

How to Cite

Reddy, G. P. K., & Kishve, P. (2021). Prevalence of flat foot among medical students and its impact on quality of life and functionality. International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 9(4), 1082–1089. https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20211355

Issue

Section

Original Research Articles